J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2022, Vol. 128: 195-204.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.03.032
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yang Boweia, Wang Yua, Gao Minqiangb,c,*(
), Wang Changfengb,c, Guan Renguoa,b,c,*()
Received:2022-02-23
Revised:2022-03-13
Accepted:2022-03-14
Published:2022-11-20
Online:2022-11-22
Contact:
Gao Minqiang,Guan Renguo
About author:guanrenguo@sina.cn (R. Guan).Yang Bowei, Wang Yu, Gao Minqiang, Wang Changfeng, Guan Renguo. Microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanism of Al-Mg alloys with fine grains processed by accumulative continuous extrusion forming[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 128: 195-204.
| Element | Content |
|---|---|
| Mg | 4.96 ± 0.11 |
| Mn | 0.79 ± 0.08 |
| Fe | 0.11 ± 0.06 |
| Si | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
| Ti | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
| Cr | 0.05 ± 0.02 |
| Zr | 0.12 ± 0.04 |
| Zn | < 0.01 |
| Cu | < 0.01 |
| Al | Bal. |
Table 1. Chemical compositions of the commercial 5087 alloy (in wt.%).
| Element | Content |
|---|---|
| Mg | 4.96 ± 0.11 |
| Mn | 0.79 ± 0.08 |
| Fe | 0.11 ± 0.06 |
| Si | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
| Ti | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
| Cr | 0.05 ± 0.02 |
| Zr | 0.12 ± 0.04 |
| Zn | < 0.01 |
| Cu | < 0.01 |
| Al | Bal. |
Fig. 1. Schematic illustration showing the preparation process of the 5087 alloy wire via continuous rheo-extrusion and ACEF. The specimens collected from positions I, II, and III are used for the microstructure observation.
Fig. 2. (a-c) IPF maps of grain orientation distribution, (d-f) grain size statistics, and (g-i) orientation angles of adjacent grain boundaries in the rheo-extruded 5087 alloy at different positions during ACEF: (a, d, g) position Ⅰ; (b, e, h) position II; (c, f, i) position III. The black lines and white lines in (a-c) stand for the HAGBs and LAGBs, respectively.
Fig. 3. (a, d) IPF maps showing the grain orientation distribution; (b, e) grain size statistics; and (c, f) misorientation angles of the rheo-extruded 5087 alloy processed via different ACEF passes: (a-c) 1 pass; (d-f) 3 passes.
| Position and pass | Average grain size (μm) | Fraction of HAGBs (%) | Average misorientation angle (°) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Position Ⅰ | 45.6 ± 0.4 | 44.7 ± 0.9 | 19.8 ± 0.6 |
| Position II | 34.9 ± 0.5 | 24.0 ± 1.4 | 12.1 ± 0.7 |
| Position Ⅲ | 24.0 ± 0.3 | 30.5 ± 0.9 | 14.4 ± 0.6 |
| 1 Pass | 20.1 ± 0.2 | 56.6 ± 0.8 | 23.9 ± 1.0 |
| 3 Passes | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 65.4 ± 1.6 | 27.7 ± 1.3 |
Table 2. EBSD results of the rheo-extruded 5087 alloy at different positions and passes during ACEF.
| Position and pass | Average grain size (μm) | Fraction of HAGBs (%) | Average misorientation angle (°) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Position Ⅰ | 45.6 ± 0.4 | 44.7 ± 0.9 | 19.8 ± 0.6 |
| Position II | 34.9 ± 0.5 | 24.0 ± 1.4 | 12.1 ± 0.7 |
| Position Ⅲ | 24.0 ± 0.3 | 30.5 ± 0.9 | 14.4 ± 0.6 |
| 1 Pass | 20.1 ± 0.2 | 56.6 ± 0.8 | 23.9 ± 1.0 |
| 3 Passes | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 65.4 ± 1.6 | 27.7 ± 1.3 |
Fig. 4. DRX distribution and statistics result of the rheo-extruded 5087 alloy before and after ACEF: (a) position Ⅰ; (b) position II; (c) position III; (d) 1 pass; (e) 3 passes; (f) statistics result of distingusied resigons.
Fig. 5. SEM micrographs and XRD analyses of the rheo-extruded 5087 alloy before and after ACEF: (a) rheo-extruded alloy; (b) after 1 pass of ACEF; (c) after 3 passes of ACEF; (d-g) corresponding EDS map scanning results of the red square region in (a); (h) corresponding EDS results of the white phase marked by the red arrow in (a); (i) XRD analyses of the alloy before and after ACEF.
Fig. 6. TEM micrographs showing the Al6(Mn, Fe) phases, dislocations and (sub-) grain boundaries in the rheo-extruded 5087 alloy before and after ACEF: (a, d) rheo-extruded alloy; (b, e) after 1 pass of ACEF; (c, f) after 3 passes of ACEF. The Al6(Mn, Fe) phases, dislocations and (sub-) grain boundaries are indicated by the blue, red and yellow arrows, respectively. (a-c) and (d-f) represent the deformation and recrystallization zones, respectively. The inset in (a) is the SAED pattern of the Al6(Mn, Fe) phase.
Fig. 7. (a) Variations in mechanical properties and (b) true stress versus true strain of the rheo-extruded alloy before and after ACEF.
| Pass | UTS (MPa) | YS (MPa) | EL (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 293.5 ± 1.3 | 128.9 ± 2.4 | 44.4 ± 1.3 |
| 1 | 309.6 ± 2.5 | 151.3 ± 1.9 | 34.5 ± 1.2 |
| 3 | 362.8 ± 2.2 | 234.6 ± 2.2 | 32.5 ± 1.6 |
Table 3. Mechanical properties of the rheo-extruded 5087 alloy before and after ACEF with different passes.
| Pass | UTS (MPa) | YS (MPa) | EL (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 293.5 ± 1.3 | 128.9 ± 2.4 | 44.4 ± 1.3 |
| 1 | 309.6 ± 2.5 | 151.3 ± 1.9 | 34.5 ± 1.2 |
| 3 | 362.8 ± 2.2 | 234.6 ± 2.2 | 32.5 ± 1.6 |
Fig. 8. SEM images showing the fracture morphologies of the rheo-extruded alloy before and after ACEF at room temperature: (a) rheo-extruded alloy; (b) after 1 pass of ACEF; (c) after 3 passes of ACEF.
| Symbol | Description | Values | Unit | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hall-Petch coefficient | 0.12 | MPa· | [56] | |
| Average grain size | 45.6/2.5 | μm | This work | |
| Shear modulus | 26 | GPa | [57] | |
| Burgers vector | 0.286 | nm | [55] | |
| Average diameter of secondary phases | 50 | nm | This work | |
| Volume fraction of secondary phases | 0.0045/0.0328 | - | This work | |
| Constant | 0.3 | - | [15] | |
| Mean orientation factor | 3.06 | - | [58] | |
| Dislocation density | 7.03 × 1013/2.61 × 1014 | m−2 | This work |
Table 4. Physical meaning and values of symbols applied in the calculation equations.
| Symbol | Description | Values | Unit | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hall-Petch coefficient | 0.12 | MPa· | [56] | |
| Average grain size | 45.6/2.5 | μm | This work | |
| Shear modulus | 26 | GPa | [57] | |
| Burgers vector | 0.286 | nm | [55] | |
| Average diameter of secondary phases | 50 | nm | This work | |
| Volume fraction of secondary phases | 0.0045/0.0328 | - | This work | |
| Constant | 0.3 | - | [15] | |
| Mean orientation factor | 3.06 | - | [58] | |
| Dislocation density | 7.03 × 1013/2.61 × 1014 | m−2 | This work |
Fig. 9. Comparison between calculated and measured YS increment values of the rheo-extruded alloy before and after 3 passes of ACEF.
Fig. 10. Schematic diagram showing the microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms of the rheo-extruded alloy during multi-pass ACEF.
Fig. 11. (a) Variations in WHR of the rheo-extruded alloy before and after ACEF; (b) the double logarithmic curves based on true stress-true strain curves.
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