J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2022, Vol. 110: 216-226.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.037
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
S.B. Wanga,b,**(), C.F. Panb, B. Weib, X. Zhengc, Y.X. Laic,*(), J.H. Chenc,*()
Received:
2021-07-09
Revised:
2021-09-04
Accepted:
2021-09-15
Published:
2021-11-25
Online:
2021-11-25
Contact:
S.B. Wang,Y.X. Lai,J.H. Chen
About author:
jhchen123@hnu.edu.cn (J.H. Chen).S.B. Wang, C.F. Pan, B. Wei, X. Zheng, Y.X. Lai, J.H. Chen. Nano-phase transformation of composite precipitates in multicomponent Al-Mg-Si(-Sc) alloys[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 110: 216-226.
Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of typical precipitation microstructures in the peak-aging Al-Mg-Si alloy. (a) Shape, orientation, and distribution of the needlelike β"-precipitate in the Al matrix; (b-d) Atomic models of β", β', and B'. The red circle in (b) illustrates the low-density cylinder (LDC) feature in β". The red triangles in (c) and (d) indicate the unit cells' characteristic triangular substructures.
Alloys | Mg | Si | Sc | Cu | Ti | Zn | Fe | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AlMgSi | 0.5 | 0.4 | - | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | Bal. |
AlMgSiSc | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | Bal. |
Table 1. Composition of the alloys studied (wt%).
Alloys | Mg | Si | Sc | Cu | Ti | Zn | Fe | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AlMgSi | 0.5 | 0.4 | - | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | Bal. |
AlMgSiSc | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | Bal. |
Fig. 2. Representative ADF-STEM images of the precipitates in the samples AlMgSi (a-d) and AlMgSiSc (e-h) aged at 170 °C for different time. (a and e) 5 h; (b and f) 20 h and 10 h, namely peak aging time; (c and g) 56 h; (d and h) 192 h; (i-l) comparison of the statistical size distribution of the precipitates exemplified by the peak-aged samples (i and j) and the over-aged samples of 192 h (k and l).
Fig. 3. Comparison of the precipitate number density of the AlMgSi and AlMgSiSc alloys at different aging states as revealed by STEM-ADF observations and -EELS thickness measurement of low-loss spectra. (a-d) Two examples showing the measurement of relative thickness (t/λ) of specimen foil containing needlelike precipitate structures in the peak-aged AlMgSi (a and b) and AlMgSiSc aged for 192 h (c and d) alloys. The zero-loss peaks shown in (b) and (d) are obtained from points 1-9 marked in (a) and (c), respectively.
Fig. 4. Atomic-scale ADF images showing the structural features and potential evolution pathway of the precipitates in the AlMgSi alloy aged at 170 °C for different times. (a-c) 20 h, namely peak aging time; (d-h) 56 h; (i) 192 h. Insets in (a), (c) and (f) are the atomic models of β″, B' and β', respectively. The parallelogram, large rhombus and small rhombus representing the unit cells of the β″, B' and β' phases, respectively, are overlaid on the images. The LDC and sub B' with pyramid shape are marked by white arrows in (a, e) and (c, i), respectively. The enlarged atomic images of sub B' and B' unit cell in the precipitates with indexed triangular Al and Mg's vertex are also provided in their respective ADF images (insets in (c-e) and (g-i)) for easy atomic-site identification. The dotted lines with different colors indicate interfaces between different precipitate structures.
Fig. 5. Atomic-scale ADF images showing the typical precipitates and structural features in the AlMgSiSc alloy aged at 170 °C for different times. (a and b) 10 h, namely peak aging time; (c and d) 56 h; (e and f) 192 h. The pyramids representing the sub B' are overlaid on the images. Insets in d-f are the locally enlarged atomic images of the identified sub B' and B' unit cell in the corresponding precipitates with indexed triangular Al and Mg's vertex.
Fig. 6. Atomic-scale ADF images of the precipitates (a, c, e, g, i and k) and their corresponding integrated contrast profiles taken from the four-arrows marked rectangle regions (b, d, f, h, j, and l shown below each image) in the AlMgSiSc samples aged at 170 °C for 10 h (a and c), 20 h (e), 56 h (g and i) and 192 h (k). The pyramids representing the sub B' are overlaid on the images.
Fig. 7. Further demonstration of Sc-containing nanoparticles in the peak-aging AlMgSiSc alloy. (a-e) Atomic resolved ADF-STEM image (a) and corresponding EDS elemental mappings of Al (b), Si (c), Mg (d) and Sc (e). (f) Superposition of (a) and (e) showing the Sc-rich columns at the M-site of sub B' and at the interfacial area. (g) Superposition of (a) and (c) showing the Si-rich columns at the M-site of sub B'. (h) EDS spectrum of (a).
Fig. 8. Formation enthalpy of the B'-phase with M-site of sub B' substituted by different atoms, demonstrating that the M-site with 0.5Sc and 0.5Si occupation is the most stable in energy. (b) Structural models (left graph) including a sub B'-M0.5Si+0.5Sc in the β'' and the corresponding ADF-STEM image simulations (right graph).
Fig. 9. Frequencies of β''/sub-B', β''/B'/β', β' and 1D precipitate by which each type of precipitates shares in total precipitate numbers for AlMgSi (a) and AlMgSiSc (b) samples at different aging states.
Fig. 10. Illustrations of the evolution scenarios of the needlelike precipitates in AlMgSi(Sc) alloys upon thermal aging. The diameters of the rods illustratively represent the change of the average cross-sectional size of the overall precipitates.
Fig. 11. Age hardening curves of the AlMgSi and AlMgSiSc samples aged at 170 °C for various times. The inset shows the details of the early stage (from as-quenched to 20 h) age hardening curves.
[1] |
H. Chen, J. Lu, Y. Kong, K. Li, T. Yang, A. Meingast, M. Yang, Q. Lu, Y. Du, Acta Mater. 185 (2020) 193-203.
DOI URL |
[2] |
W. Sun, Y. Zhu, R. Marceau, L. Wang, Q. Zhang, X. Gao, C. Hutchinson, Science 363 (6430) (2019) 972-975.
DOI URL |
[3] | S.J. Andersen, C.D. Marioara, J. Friis, S. Wenner, R. Holmestad, Adv. Phys. X 3 (1) (2018) 1479984. |
[4] |
Y.X. Lai, W. Fan, M.J. Yin, C.L. Wu, J.H. Chen, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 41 (2020) 127-138.
DOI |
[5] |
N.N. Jiao, Y.X. Lai, S.L. Chen, P. Gao, J.H. Chen, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 70 (2021) 105-112.
DOI |
[6] |
J.K. Sunde, C.D. Marioara, A. T.J. van Helvoort, R. Holmestad, Mater. Charact. 142 (2018) 458-469.
DOI URL |
[7] |
C.H. Liu, P.P. Ma, L.H. Zhan, M.H. Huang, J.J. Li, Scr. Mater. 155 (2018) 68-72.
DOI URL |
[8] | X.M. Xiang, Y.X. Lai, C.H. Liu, J.H. Chen, Acta Metall. Sin. 54 (9) (2018) 1273-1280. |
[9] |
X. Sauvage, S. Lee, K. Matsuda, Z. Horita, J. Alloys Compd. 710 (2017) 199-204.
DOI URL |
[10] |
S. Jiang, R. Wang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35 (7) (2019) 1354-1363.
DOI URL |
[11] |
M. Cabibbo, Appl. Surf. Sci. 281 (2013) 38-43.
DOI URL |
[12] |
E. Clouet, L. Lae, T. Epicier, W. Lefebvre, M. Nastar, A. Deschamps, Nat. Mater. 5 (6) (2006) 482-488.
DOI URL |
[13] |
Y.H. Gao, C. Yang, J.Y. Zhang, L.F. Cao, G. Liu, J. Sun, E. Ma, Mater. Res. Lett. 7 (1) (2019) 18-25.
DOI |
[14] |
K.E. Knipling, D.C. Dunand, D.N. Seidman, Z. Metallkd. 97 (3) (2006) 246-265.
DOI URL |
[15] |
K. Matsuda, Y. Sakaguchi, Y. Miyata, Y. Uetani, T. Sato, A. Kamio, S. Ikeno, J. Mater. Sci. 35 (1) (2000) 179-189.
DOI URL |
[16] |
J.H. Chen, E. Costan, M.A. van Huis, Q. Xu, H.W. Zandbergen, Science 312 (5772) (2006) 416-419.
PMID |
[17] |
L. Ding, Z. Jia, J. Nie, Y. Weng, L. Cao, H. Chen, X. Wu, Q. Liu, Acta Mater. 145 (2018) 437-450.
DOI URL |
[18] |
H.W. Zandbergen, S.J. Andersen, J. Jansen, Science 277 (5330) (1997) 1221-1225.
DOI URL |
[19] |
R. Vissers, M.A. van Huis, J. Jansen, H.W. Zandbergen, C.D. Marioara, S.J. Ander- sen, Acta Mater. 55 (11) (2007) 3815-3823.
DOI URL |
[20] |
S.J. Andersen, C.D. Marioara, R. Vissers, A. Frøseth, H.W. Zandbergen, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 444 (1) (2007) 157-169.
DOI URL |
[21] |
S.J. Andersen, C.D. Marioara, A. Frøseth, R. Vissers, H.W. Zandbergen, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 390 (1) (2005) 127-138.
DOI URL |
[22] |
C. Ravi, C. Wolverton, Acta Mater. 52 (14) (2004) 4213-4227.
DOI URL |
[23] |
K. Matsuda, Y. Ishida, I. Mullerova, L. Frank, S. Ikeno, J. Mater. Sci. 41 (9) (2006) 2605-2610.
DOI URL |
[24] |
L. Liu, J. Jiang, B. Zhang, W. Shao, L. Zhen, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35 (6) (2019) 962-971.
DOI |
[25] | R. Guan, Y. Shen, Z. Zhao, X. Wang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 33 (3) (2017) 215-223. |
[26] |
D.N. Seidman, E.A. Marquis, D.C. Dunand, Acta Mater. 50 (16) (2002) 4021-4035.
DOI URL |
[27] |
E.A. Marquis, D.N. Seidman, Acta Mater. 49 (11) (2001) 1909-1919.
DOI URL |
[28] | C. Pan, Y. Yang, S. Wang, Y. Liu, S. Hu, Z. Wang, P. Shen, Mater. Des. 187 (2020) 108393-108393. |
[29] |
Y. Liu, F. Teng, F.H. Cao, Z.X. Yin, Y. Jiang, S.B. Wang, P.K. Shen, J. Alloys Compd. 774 (2019) 988-996.
DOI URL |
[30] |
O. Prach, O. Trudonoshyn, P. Randelzhofer, С. Körner, K. Durst, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 759 (2019) 603-612.
DOI URL |
[31] |
C. Xu, W. Xiao, R. Zheng, S. Hanada, H. Yamagata, C. Ma, Mater. Des. 88 (2015) 485-492.
DOI URL |
[32] |
U. Patakham, J. Kajornchaiyakul, C. Limmaneevichitr, J. Alloys Compd. 542 (2012) 177-186.
DOI URL |
[33] |
M. Vlach, J. Číek, B. Smola, O. Melikhova, M. Vl Ček, V. Kodetová, H. Kudrnová, P. Hruška, Mater. Charact. 129 (2017) 1-8.
DOI URL |
[34] |
E.P. Kwon, K.D. Woo, S.H. Kim, D.S. Kang, K.J. Lee, J.Y. Jeon, Met. Mater. Int. 16 (5) (2010) 701-707.
DOI URL |
[35] |
M. Vlach, B. Smola, I. Stulíková, V. O Čenášek, Int. J. Mater. Res. 100 (3) (2009) 420-423.
DOI URL |
[36] |
M. Vedani, G. Angella, P. Bassani, D. Ripamonti, A. Tuissi, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 87 (1) (2007) 277-284.
DOI URL |
[37] |
L. Lity nska, J. Dutkiewicz, K. Parli nski, Z. Metallkd. 97 (3) (2006) 321-324.
DOI URL |
[38] | G. Angella, P. Bassani, A. Tuissi, D. Ripamonti, M. Vedani, Mater. Sci. Forum 503-504 (2006) 493-498. |
[39] |
S. Pennycook, D. Jesson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (8) (1990) 938-941.
PMID |
[40] |
T. Malis, S.C. Cheng, R.F. Egerton, J. Electron Microsc. Tech. 8 (1988) 193-200.
PMID |
[41] |
D. R.G. Mitchell, J. Microsc. 224 (Pt 2) (2007) 187-196.
DOI URL |
[42] | G. Kresse, J. Furthmüller, Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter. 54 (16) (1996) 11169-11186. |
[43] |
G. Kresse, J. Furthmüller, Comput. Mater. Sci. 6 (1) (1996) 15-50.
DOI URL |
[44] |
H.J. Monkhorst, J.D. Pack, Phys. Rev. B 13 (12) (1976) 5188-5192.
DOI URL |
[45] | C.T. Koch, Determination of Core Structure Periodicity and Point Defect Density Along Dislocations, Arizona State University, 2002. |
[46] |
K.E. Knipling, R.A. Karnesky, C.P. Lee, D.C. Dunand, D.N. Seidman, Acta Mater. 58 (15) (2010) 5184-5195.
DOI URL |
[47] | J. Royset, Metall. Sci. Technol. 25 (2) (2007) 11-21. |
[48] |
X. Sauvage, E.V. Bobruk, M.Y. Murashkin, Y. Nasedkina, N.A. Enikeev, R.Z. Va- liev, Acta Mater. 98 (2015) 355-366.
DOI URL |
[49] |
C.S. Tsao, C.Y. Chen, U.S. Jeng, T.Y. Kuo, Acta Mater. 54 (17) (2006) 4621-4631.
DOI URL |
[50] |
C.H. Joh, K. Yamada, Y. Miura, Mater. Trans. JIM 40 (1999) 439-442.
DOI URL |
[51] | E. Clouet, M. Nastar, C. Sigli, Physics 69 (6) (2004) 064109. |
[52] |
M.A. van Huis, J.H. Chen, H.W. Zandbergen, M. H.F. Sluiter, Acta Mater. 54 (11) (2006) 2945-2955.
DOI URL |
[53] |
Q. Lu, K. Li, H. Chen, M. Yang, X. Lan, T. Yang, S. Liu, M. Song, L. Cao, Y. Du, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 41 (2020) 139-148.
DOI URL |
[54] |
S.K. Panigrahi, R. Jayaganthan, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 480 (1) (2008) 299-305.
DOI URL |
[55] |
R.A. Siddiqui, H.A. Abdullah, K.R. Al-Belushi, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 102 (1) (2000) 234-240.
DOI URL |
[56] | S.I. Fujikawa, Defect Diffus. Forum143-147 (1997) 115-120. |
[57] |
M. Perez, Scr. Mater. 52 (8) (2005) 709-712.
DOI URL |
[1] | Shicheng Li, Hongyan Liang, Chong Li, Yongchang Liu. Lattice mismatch in Ni3Al-based alloy for efficient oxygen evolution [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 106(0): 19-27. |
[2] | Qingfang Huang, Qingzheng Jiang, Jifan Hu, Sajjad Ur Rehman, Gang Fu, Qichen Quan, Jixiang Huang, Deqin Xu, Dakun Chen, Zhenchen Zhong. Extraordinary simultaneous enhancement of the coercivity and remanence of dual alloy HRE‐free Nd‐Fe‐B sintered magnets by post‐sinter annealing [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 106(0): 236-242. |
[3] | J. Ding, A. Inoue, F.L. Kong, S.L. Zhu, Y.L. Pu, E. Shalaan, A.A. Al-Ghamdi, A.L. Greer. Novel heating-and deformation-induced phase transitions and mechanical properties for multicomponent Zr50M50, Zr50(M,Ag)50 and Zr50(M,Pd)50 (M = Fe,Co,Ni,Cu) amorphous alloys [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 104(0): 109-118. |
[4] | Seungmi Kwak, Jaehwang Kim, Hongsheng Ding, Xuesong Xu, Ruirun Chen, Jingjie Guo, Hengzhi Fu. Using multiple regression analysis to predict directionally solidified TiAl mechanical property [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 104(0): 285-291. |
[5] | J.F. Zhao, H.P. Wang, B. Wei. A new thermodynamically stable Nb2Ni intermetallic compound phase revealed by peritectoid transition within binary Nb-Ni alloy system [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 100(0): 246-253. |
[6] | Gang Zhou, Yan Yang, Hanzhu Zhang, Faping Hu, Xueping Zhang, Chen Wen, Weidong Xie, Bin Jiang, Xiaodong Peng, Fusheng Pan. Microstructure and strengthening mechanism of hot-extruded ultralight Mg-Li-Al-Sn alloys with high strength [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 103(0): 186-196. |
[7] | Tayiba Ilyas, Fazal Raziq, Nasir Ilyas, Liuxin Yang, Sharafat Ali, Amir Zada, Syedul Hasnain Bakhtiar, Yong Wang, Huahai Shen, Liang Qiao. FeNi@CNS nanocomposite as an efficient electrochemical catalyst for N2-to-NH3 conversion under ambient conditions [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 103(0): 59-66. |
[8] | Seyedmohammad Tabaie, Farhad Rézaï-Aria, Bertrand C.D. Flipo, Mohammad Jahazi. Dissimilar linear friction welding of selective laser melted Inconel 718 to forged Ni-based superalloy AD730™: Evolution of strengthening phases [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 96(0): 248-261. |
[9] | Hanchen Feng, Lei Cai, Linfeng Wang, Xiaodan Zhang, Feng Fang. Microstructure and strength in ultrastrong cold-drawn medium carbon steel [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 97(0): 89-100. |
[10] | Haibo Zhang, Metin Örnek, Simanta Lahkar, Shuangxi Song, Xiaodong Wang, Richard A. Haber, Kolan Madhav Reddy. Enhanced densification and mechanical properties of β-boron by in-situ formed boron-rich oxide [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 99(0): 148-160. |
[11] | Tianyi Han, Yong Liu, Mingqing Liao, Danni Yang, Nan Qu, Zhonghong Lai, Jingchuan Zhu. Refined microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties of AlCrFe2Ni2 medium entropy alloy produced via laser remelting [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 99(0): 18-27. |
[12] | Wanting Sun, Bo Wu, Hui Fu, Xu-Sheng Yang, Xiaoguang Qiao, Mingyi Zheng, Yang He, Jian Lu, San-Qiang Shi. Combining gradient structure and supersaturated solid solution to achieve superior mechanical properties in WE43 magnesium alloy [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 99(0): 223-238. |
[13] | Li Liu, Jian-Tang Jiang, Xiang-Yuan Cui, Bo Zhang, Liang Zhen, Simon P. Ringer. Correlation between precipitates evolution and mechanical properties of Al-Sc-Zr alloy with Er additions [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 99(0): 61-72. |
[14] | Y.T. Zhou, X.H. Shao, S.J. Zheng, X.L. Ma. Structure evolution of the Fe3C/Fe interface mediated by cementite decomposition in cold-deformed pearlitic steel wires [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 101(0): 28-36. |
[15] | Libo Fu, Deli Kong, Chengpeng Yang, Jiao Teng, Yan Lu, Yizhong Guo, Guo Yang, Xin Yan, Pan Liu, Mingwei Chen, Ze Zhang, Lihua Wang, Xiaodong Han. Ultra-high strength yet superplasticity in a hetero-grain-sized nanocrystalline Au nanowire [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 101(0): 95-106. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||