ZnO/nitrogen-doped carbon nanocomplex with controlled morphology for highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.11.021

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) with yolk-shell and hollow structures were prepared by a convenient chemical etching method. A subsequent pyrolysis of ZIF-8 enabled one to produce ZnO/nitrogen-doped carbon nanocomplexes with original ZIF-8 morphology, where hollow structure showed superior electromagnetic wave absorption capacity and was responsible for matching the impedance of free space. The minimum reflection coefficients of hollow ZnO/nitrogen-doped carbon nanocomplexes were -51.2 dB (700 °C) and -52.4 dB (800 °C), respectively, whereas the effective absorption band width was as large as 4 GHz and the content of pyrolyzed hollow ZIF-8 was 15 wt%, which was inferior to the level among similar electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. The convenient and facile strategy paves the way toward designing hierarchical structures for highly efficient and light-weight electromagnetic wave absorbers.

Key words: Zeolitic imidazolate framework, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Yolk-shell structure, Hollow structure, Lightweight materials

Zhen Yu, Rui Zhou, Mingwei Ma, Runqiu Zhu, Peng Miao, Pei Liu, Jie Kong. ZnO/nitrogen-doped carbon nanocomplex with controlled morphology for highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 114: 206-214.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1. Schematic routes of synthesis of ZIF-8 by combining Zn2+ ions and 2-MeIM in MeOH at room temperature and preparation of yolk-shell ZIF-8 and hollow ZIF-8 structures using H+ ions infiltrating into the interior space under protection of TA coating.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns: (a) H-ZIF-8, YS-ZIF-8, and ZIF-8 (experimental and theoretical) nanocomplexes and (b) pyrolyzed composites.

Fig. 3. TGA-MS curves of ZIF-8, YS-ZIF-8, H-ZIF-8, and tannic acid.

Fig. 4. TEM images of (a) ZnO/NC-700, (b) YS-ZnO/NC-700, (c) H-ZnO/NC-700, (d) ZnO/NC-800, (e) YS-ZnO/NC-800, (f) H-ZnO/NC-800. EDS maps of (C, N, O, Zn) elements for (g) H-ZnO/NC-700 and (h) H-ZnO/NC-800.

Fig. 5. (a, b) C 1 s, (c, d) N 1 s, (e, f) Zn 2p XPS spectra of H-ZnO/NC-700 (a, c, e) and H-ZnO/NC-800 (b, d, f).

Fig. 6. Raman spectra of pyrolyzed samples at 700 and 800 °C within a D-to-G band range.

Fig. 7. ε′, ε", and tanδ parameters vs. frequency for (a-c) ZnO/NC-700, YS-ZnO/NC-700 and H-ZnO/NC-700 composites and (d-f) ZnO/NC-800, YS-ZnO/NC-800 and H-ZnO/NC-800 samples.

Fig. 8. (a, b) RC parameters of H-ZnO/NC-700 and H-ZnO/NC-800 absorbers evenly dispersed in the paraffin (35 wt% and 15 wt% contents, respectively) vs. frequency. (c, d) 3D plots of thickness vs. frequency. The composite thicknesses were1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.1, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 mm and the frequency ranged from 2 to 18 GHz.

Table 1. Comparison of EMW absorption characteristics of complex materials derived from ZIF-8 (this study and other works).

Sample	EAB(GHz, RC<-10 dB)	RC_min (dB)	Content	Refs.
CNT/ZIF-8	6.9	-39.2	25%	[56]
Core-shell ZIF-8@HZIF-CoMo	6.56	-44.8	30%	[57]
MnO₂/ZIF-8@ZIF-67	5.36	-58.0	35%	[58]
Graphene-ZIF-8	3.9	-44.0	40%	[59]
NPC-800	4.3	-39.7	50%	[47]
ZnO/NPC@Co/NPC	5.2	-28.8	50%	[60]
H-ZnO/NC-700	4.0	-51.2	35%	This work
H-ZnO/NC-800	4.0	-52.4	15%	This work

Fig. 9. |Zin/Z0| parameter and reflection coefficient of the 3.1 mm-thick absorbing composites pyrolyzed at (a) 700 °C and (b) 800 °C.

Fig. 10. EMW absorption mechanism of ZnO/NC, YS-ZnO/NC and H-ZnO/NC nanocomplexes: the multiply reflected EMW in the H-ZnO/NC absorber. The presence of pyridinic N, pyrrolic N and graphitic N leads to the emergence of more polarization centers at a higher pyrolysis temperature.

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