Structure-dependent electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of bowl-like and honeycomb TiO2/CNT composites

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.07.060

Abstract

Abstract:

Materials that can efficiently absorb electromagnetic waves (EMWs) are required to deal with electromagnetic pollution. Structure design appears to be an efficient way to improve the EMW-absorption performance of such materials, particularly when adjustment of the constitution or mixing ratio is limited. In this study, bowl-like and honeycomb titanium dioxide/carbon nanotube (TiO₂/CNT) composites with different CNT contents were fabricated using the methods of hierarchical and mixing vacuum-assisted filtration, respectively. Compared to the honeycomb structure, the bowl-like structure simultaneously facilitated greater interfacial polarization and conduction loss in favor of dielectric polarization, and augmented multiple reflections. The high porosity of the honeycomb structure was conducive to optimizing the impedance matching characteristics. The bowl-like TiO₂/CNT composite exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -38.6 dB (1.5 mm) with a wide effective absorption band (EAB; <-10 dB) of 4.2 GHz, while the honeycomb TiO₂/CNT composite showed an RL_min of -34.8 dB (2.1 mm) with an EAB of 4.3 GHz. The required mixing ratio in the matrix was only 15 wt%, outperforming that of the most closely related composites. Thus, both the bowl-like and honeycomb TiO₂/CNT composites are ideal candidates for light-weight and highly efficient EMW-absorbing materials.

Key words: Bowl-like structure, Honeycomb structure, TiO₂/CNT composite, Electromagnetic wave absorption

Hua Jian, Qinrui Du, Qiaoqiao Men, Li Guan, Ruosong Li, Bingbing Fan, Xin Zhang, Xiaoqin Guo, Biao Zhao, Rui Zhang. Structure-dependent electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of bowl-like and honeycomb TiO₂/CNT composites[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 109: 105-113.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration showing the fabrication process of (a) the bowl-like and (b) honeycomb TiO2/CNT composites.

Fig. 2. SEM images of (a, b) TiO2/CNT/PS and (c, d) bowl-like TiO2/CNT composites prepared by hierarchical filtrating; and (e, f) TiO2/CNT/PS and (g, h) honeycomb TiO2/CNT composites prepared by mixing filtrating.

Fig. 3. (a) XRD patterns of TiO2/CNT/PS and TiO2/CNT composites; (b) Raman spectra of honeycomb and bowl-like TiO2/CNT composites; (c) TGA and DSC diagram of TiO2/CNT/PS composites; XPS high-resolution survey of (d) C 1 s, (e) O 1 s and (f) Ti 2p; N2-adsorption-desorption curve of (g) honeycomb and (h) bowl-like TiO2/CNT composites, and (i) pore width distribution.

Fig. 4. (a) Real and (b) imaginary complex permittivity, and (c) dielectric loss tangent of bowl-like TiO2/CNT composites; (d) real and (e) imaginary complex permittivity, and (f) dielectric loss tangent of honeycomb TiO2/CNT composites.

Fig. 5. Reflection loss and impedance matching of (a, a1) H3, (b, b1) H5, (c, c1) H8, (d, d1) H10, (e, e1) M3, (f, f1) M5, (g, g1) M8, and (h, h1) M10, respectively.

Fig. 6. Schematic representation of EMW absorption mechanisms.

Table 1. Recent progress on CNT-based, TiO2/carbon materials, honeycomb and bowl-like absorbers.

Empty Cell	Absorber	Thickness (mm)	EAB (GHz)	RL_min (dB)	Refs.
CNT-based	30 wt% CNT@TiO₂ sponge	2.0	2.76	-31.8	[8]
	25 wt% MWCNT@TiO₂-C	2.5	3.1	-53.2	[10]
	10 wt% PCHM/CNT	2.8	3.6	-34.6	[62]
	50 wt% LAS/CNT	2.0	5.4	-50.49	[63]
TiO₂/carbon materials	20 wt% TiO₂/Co/carbon nanofibers	2.5	6.8	-57.2	[18]
	40 wt% TiO₂/C/Co	2.5	5	-42	[64]
	45 wt% Co/TiO₂-C	3.0	3.04	-41.1	[22]
honeycomb	50 wt% Honeycomb nano-Fe₃O₄@C	3.5	5.04	-46.4	[34]
	50 wt% Honeycomb porous carbon	2.5	6.52	-26.0	[34]
	30 wt% Honeycomb SnO₂	2.0	5.6	-37.6	[24]
	10 wt% N, S-codoped honeycomb-like C/Ni₃S₂	2.5	7.0	-46.8	[65]
	50 wt% Honeycomb SCFs@Fe₃O₄@FeO	1.9	6.1	-40.8	[9]
	15 wt% honeycomb TiO₂/CNT	2.1	4.3	-34.8	This study
bowl-like	20 wt% Bowl-like carbon nanoparticles	1.5	4.2	-45.3	[26]
	50 wt% Polyhedron-bowl Co/CoO	1.7	3.7	-45.3	[25]
	15 wt% Bowl-like TiO₂/CNT	1.5	4.2	-38.6	This study

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Structure-dependent electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of bowl-like and honeycomb TiO₂/CNT composites

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