Regulation of impedance matching feature and electronic structure of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.08.048

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, we developed a facile method to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) structures composed of FeNi alloy nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes that grafted on the SiO₂ spheres (Fe_xNi_y@NCNT@SiO₂) for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. The experimental results suggest that the impedance matching characteristic can be tuned by the introduction of SiO₂ spheres in the 3D structure. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the introduction of Ni improved the polarization and conductive losses of the Fe_xNi_y@NCNT@SiO₂. As a result, the optimal 3D structure exhibits excellent EMW absorption property with a reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth are -49.39 dB and 4.32 GHz, respectively, even though the matching thickness is only 1.6 mm, superior to most magnetic carbon-based composites. Thus, our current approach opens up an effective way to the development of low-cost, high-performance EMW absorbers.

Key words: FeNi alloy, CNTs, Silica, Nitrogen doping, Electromagnetic wave absorption

Fenghui Cao, Jia Xu, Minjie Liu, Feng Yan, Qiuyun Ouyang, Xitian Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Yujin Chen. Regulation of impedance matching feature and electronic structure of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 108: 1-9.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1. XRD patterns of the FexNiy@NCNT@SiO2 and Fe3C/Fe@NCNT@SiO2.

Fig. 2. XPS spectra of the FexNiy@NCNT@SiO2 composites and Fe3C/Fe@NCNT@SiO2 composites.

Fig. 3. Structural characterizations of the Fe2Ni1@NCNT@SiO2. (a-d) TEM images, (e, f) HRTEM images, and (g) TEM image and corresponding the EDX elemental mappings of Fe, Ni, C, N and Si. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).

Fig. 4. (a) N2-sorption isotherms, (b) Pore size distributions, (c) Comparison of BET surface areas, (d) Raman spectra, and (e, f) Magnetization hysteresis loops of the FexNiy@NCNT@SiO2 and Fe3C/Fe@NCNT@SiO2.

Fig. 5. ε′-f curves (a), ε″-f curves (b), tanδe-f curves (c), εc″-f curves (d) and εp″-f curves (e) of the FexNiy@NCNT@SiO2 and Fe3C/Fe@NCNT@SiO2. (f) The Mz-f curves of Fe2Ni1@NCNT@SiO2.

Fig. 6. (a) The dipoles of the Fe3C/Fe@NCNT@SiO2 and FexNiy@NCNT@SiO2. (b) The projected density of states of the Fe3C/Fe@NCNT@SiO2 and FexNiy@NCNT@SiO2.

Fig. 7. (a) 3D projection plots of RL of Fe3C/Fe@NCNT@SiO2, (b, c) 3D projection plots of RL of Fe2Ni1@NCNT@SiO2. The region defined by the thin black dotted line represents RL < -10 dB. (d) RL-f curves of Fe3C/Fe@NCNT@SiO2, (e) RL - f curves of Fe2Ni1@NCNT@SiO2, (f) comparison of RL,min of Fe3C/Fe@NCNT@SiO2 and RL,min of FexNiy@NCNT@SiO2, (g) RL-f curves of Fe1Ni1@NCNT@SiO2, (h) RL-f curves of Fe1Ni2@NCNT@SiO2. (i) Comparison of EAB values of Fe3C/Fe@NCNT@SiO2 and FexNiy@NCNT@SiO2.

Fig. 8. Mechanism on the EMW absorption properties of FexNiy@NCNT@SiO2.

References 64

[1]	M.S. Cao, X.X. Wang, M. Zhang, W.Q. Cao, X.Y. Fang, J. Yuan, Adv. Mater. 32 (2020) 1907156. DOI URL
[2]	N. Li, Y. Huang, F. Du, X.B. He, X. Lin, H.J. Gao, Y.F. Ma, F.F. Li, Y.S. Chen, P.C. Eklund, Nano Lett. 6 (2006) 1141-1145. DOI URL
[3]	M. Green, A.T. Tran, X. Chen, Adv. Mater. Interfaces 7 (2020) 20 0 0658.
[4]	M. Green, Y. Li, Z. Peng, X. Chen, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 497 (2020) 165974. DOI URL
[5]	J. Qiu, T.T. Qiu, Carbon 81 (2015) 20-28. DOI URL
[6]	Y. Zhang, Y. Huang, T.F. Zhang, H.C. Chang, P.S. Xiao, H.H. Chen, Z.Y. Huang, Y.S. Chen, Adv. Mater. 27 (2015) 2049-2053. DOI URL
[7]	J.C. Shu, W.Q. Cao, M.S. Cao, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 (2021) 2100470. DOI URL
[8]	Z. Xiang, Y. Song, J. Xiong, Z. Pan, X. Wang, L. Liu, R. Liu, H. Yang, W. Lu, Carbon 142 (2019) 20-31. DOI
[9]	B. Deng, Z. Xiang, J. Xiong, Z. Liu, L. Yu, W. Lu, Nano-Micro Lett. 12 (2020) 55. DOI URL
[10]	M. Green, A.T.V. Tran, X. Chen, Compos. Sci. Technol. 199 (2020) 108332. DOI URL
[11]	Z. Xiang, J. Xiong, B. Deng, E. Cui, L. Yu, Q. Zeng, K. Pei, R. Che, W. Lu, J. Mater. Chem. C 8 (2020) 2123-2134. DOI URL
[12]	X. Wang, F. Pan, Z. Xiang, Q. Zeng, K. Pei, R. Che, W. Lu, Carbon 157 (2020) 130-139. DOI URL
[13]	M.S. Cao, J. Yang, W.L. Song, D.Q. Zhang, B. Wen, H.B. Jin, Z.L. Hou, J. Yuan, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 (2012) 6949-6956. DOI URL
[14]	M.M. Lu, M.S. Cao, Y.H. Chen, W.Q. Cao, J. Liu, H.L. Shi, D.Q. Zhang, W.Z. Wang, J. Yuan, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 (2015) 19408-19415. DOI URL
[15]	N. Li, G.W. Huang, Y.Q. Li, H.M. Xiao, Q.P. Feng, N. Hu, S.Y. Fu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) 2973-2983. DOI URL
[16]	R.W. Shu, G.Y. Zhang, X. Wang, X. Gao, M. Wang, Y. Gan, J.J. Shi, J. He, Chem. Eng. J. 337 (2018) 242-255. DOI URL
[17]	L. Wang, X.F. Yu, X. Li, J. Zhang, M. Wang, R.C. Che, Carbon 155 (2019) 298-308. DOI
[18]	R. Yang, P.M. Reddy, C. Chang, P. Chen, J. Chen, C. Chang, Chem. Eng. J. 285 (2016) 497-507. DOI URL
[19]	N. Yang, Z.X. Luo, G.R. Zhu, S.C. Chen, X.L. Wang, G. Wu, Y.Z. Wang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 35987-35998. DOI URL
[20]	S.K. Singh, M.J. Akhtar, K.K. Kar, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018) 24816-24828. DOI URL
[21]	Y. Zhou, J. Miao, Y. Shen, A. Xie, App. Surf. Sci. 453 (2018) 83-92. DOI URL
[22]	J. Xu, X. Zhang, H.R. Yuan, S. Zhang, C.L. Zhu, X.T. Zhang, Y.J. Chen, Carbon 159 (2020) 357-365. DOI URL
[23]	I. Arief, S. Biswas, S. Bose, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) 19202-19214. DOI URL
[24]	X.C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H.R. Yuan, K.Y. Li, Q.Y. Ouyang, C.L. Zhu, S. Zhang, Y.J. Chen, Chem. Eng. J. 383 (2020) 123208. DOI URL
[25]	X. Zhang, J. Xu, X.Y. Liu, S. Zhang, H.R. Yuan, C.L. Zhu, X.T. Zhang, Y.J. Chen, Carbon 155 (2019) 232-242.
[26]	R.W. Shu, W.J. Li, X. Zhou, D.D. Tian, G.Y. Zhang, Y. Gan, J.J. Shi, J. He, J. Alloy. Compd. 743 (2018) 163-174. DOI URL
[27]	J. Feng, Y. Hou, Y. Wang, L. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16 (2017) 14103-14111.
[28]	N. Zhang, Y. Huang, M. Wang, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 530 (2018) 212-222. DOI URL
[29]	Y. Xiong, H. Luo, Y. Nie, F. Chen, W.Y. Dai, X. Wang, Y.Z. Cheng, R.Z. Gong, J. Alloy. Compd. 802 (2019) 364-372. DOI
[30]	R. Guo, Y.C. Fan, L.J. Wang, W. Jiang, Carbon 169 (2020) 214-224. DOI URL
[31]	N. Chen, J.T. Jiang, C.Y. Xu, Y. Yuan, Y.X. Gong, L. Zhen, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter- faces 9 (2017) 21933-21941.
[32]	J.N. Ma, B. Quan, W. Liu, X.H. Liang, Y.A. Zhang, D.R. Li, Y. Cheng, G.B. Ji, J. Alloy. Compd. 709 (2017) 796-801. DOI URL
[33]	J.Y. Dong, R. Ullal, J. Han, S.H. Wei, X. Ouyang, J.Z. Dong, W. Gao, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 (2015) 5285-5288. DOI URL
[34]	B.A. Zhao, X.Q. Guo, W.Y. Zhao, J.S. Deng, G. Shao, B.B. Fan, Z.Y. Bai, R. Zhang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 42 (2016) 28917-28925.
[35]	B. Quan, W. Gu, J. Sheng, X. Lv, Y. Mao, L. Liu, X.G. Huang, Z.J. Tian, G.B. Ji, Nano Res. 14 (2021) 1495-1501. DOI URL
[36]	Z. Zhang, J. Tan, W. Gu, H. Zhao, J. Zheng, B. Zhang, G. Ji, Chem. Eng. J. 395 (2020) 125190. DOI URL
[37]	Y.Y. Wang, C. Xie, D.D. Liu, X.B. Huang, J. Huo, Y. Wang, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter- faces 8 (2016) 18652-18657.
[38]	B. Zhang, C.H. Xiao, S.M. Xie, J. Liang, X. Chen, Y.H. Tang, Chem. Mater. 28 (2016) 6934-6941. DOI URL
[39]	X. Zhou, Z. Jia, X. Zhang, B. Wang, W. Wu, X. Liu, B. Xu, G. Wu, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 87 (2021) 120-132. DOI URL
[40]	M. Li, T.T. Liu, X.J. Bo, M. Zhou, L.P. Guo, J. Mater. Chem. A 5 (2017) 5413-5425. DOI URL
[41]	J. Xu, L.N. Liu, X.C. Zhang, B. Li, C.L. Zhu, S.L. Chou, Y.J. Chen, Chem. Eng. J. 425 (2021) 131700. DOI URL
[42]	Y. Qing, H. Nan, F. Luo, W. Zhou, RSC Adv. 7 (2017) 27755-27761. DOI URL
[43]	X. Liu, Y. Huang, L. Ding, X. Zhao, P. Liu, T. Li, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 72 (2021) 93-103. DOI URL
[44]	H. Wu, T. Yang, Y. Du, L. Shen, G.W. Ho, Adv. Mater. 30 (2018) 1804341. DOI URL
[45]	B. Quan, X. Liang, G. Ji, J. Lv, S. Dai, G. Xu, Y. Du, Carbon 129 (2018) 310-320. DOI URL
[46]	W. Gu, X. Cui, J. Zheng, J. Yu, Y. Zhao, G. Ji, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 67 (2021) 265-272. DOI URL
[47]	Y. Liu, N. Fu, G. Zhang, W. Lu, L. Zhou, H. Huang, J. Mater. Chem. A 4 (2016) 15049-15056. DOI URL
[48]	F. Cao, F. Yan, J. Xu, C. Zhu, L. Qi, C. Li, Y. Chen, Carbon 174 (2021) 79-89 N Y. DOI URL
[49]	Y.L. Duan, Z.H. Xiao, X.Y. Yan, Z.F. Gao, Y.S. Tang, L.Q. Hou, Q. Li, G.Q. Ning, Y.F. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018) 40078-40087. DOI URL
[50]	H.J. Wei, X.W. Yin, X. Li, M.H. Li, X.L. Dang, L.T. Zhang, L.F. Cheng, Carbon 147 (2019) 276-283. DOI URL
[51]	N. Li, G.W. Huang, H.M. Xiao, Q.P. Feng, S.Y. Fu, Carbon 144 (2019) 216-227. DOI URL
[52]	J.T. Feng, Y.H. Hou, Y.C. Wang, L.C. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) 14103-14111. DOI URL
[53]	D. Guo, H.R. Yuan, X.C. Wang, C.L. Zhu, Y.J. Chen, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 (2020) 9628-9636. DOI URL
[54]	X. Zhang, X.C. Zhang, D.T. Wang, H.R. Yuan, S. Zhang, C.L. Zhu, X.T. Zhang, Y.J. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. C 7 (2019) 11868-11878. DOI
[55]	M. Cao, X. Wang, W. Cao, X. Fang, B. Wen, J. Yuan, Small 14 (2018) 1800987. DOI URL
[56]	P. He, M.S. Cao, J.C. Shu, Y.Z. Cai, X.X. Wang, Q.L. Zhao, J. Yuan, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 12535-12543. DOI URL
[57]	S.J. Clark, M.D. Segall, C.J. Pickard, P.J. Hasnip, M.J. Probert, K. Refson, M. C. Payne, Z. Kristallogr. 220 (2005) 567-570.
[58]	J.P. Perdew, P. Ziesche, H. Eschrig, Electronic Structure of Solids '91 (eds.), Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1991.
[59]	J.P. Perdew, Y. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 45 (1992) 13244-13249. PMID
[60]	H.R. Yuan, B. Li, C.L Zhu, Y. Xie, Y.Y. Jiang, Y.J. Chen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 116 (2020) 153101. DOI URL
[61]	J. Zhang, Y. Zhao, C. Chen, Y.C. Huang, C.L. Dong, C.J. Chen, R.S. Liu, C.Y. Wang, K. Yan, Y.D. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141 (2019) 20118-20126. DOI URL
[62]	J. Frenkel, J. Doefman, Nature 126 (1930) 274-275. DOI URL
[63]	Y. Natio, K. Suetake, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 19 (1971) 65-72. DOI URL
[64]	M.S. Cao, W.L. Song, Z.L. Hou, B. Wen, J. Yuan, Carbon 48 (2010) 788-796. DOI URL