Carbon-coated MoS2 nanosheets@CNTs-Ti3C2 MXene quaternary composite with the superior rate performance for sodium-ion batteries

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.05.048

Abstract

Abstract:

The exploration of advanced MoS₂-based electrode materials overcoming their inherent low conductivity and large volume changes is of importance for next-generation energy storage. In this work, we report a simple and high-efficient one-pot hydrothermal approach to prepare a unique and stable 1D/2D heterostructure. In the architecture, ultrathin carbon layer-coated MoS₂ nanosheets with large expanded interlayer of 1.02 nm are vertically grown onto the Ti₃C₂ MXene and cross-linked carbon nanotubes (CNTs), giving rise to a highly conductive 3D network. The interlayer expanded MoS₂ nanosheets can greatly facilitate the Na ions/electrons transmission. Meanwhile, the N-doped 1D/2D CNTs-Ti₃C₂ matrix can be used as a strong mechanical support to well relieve the large volume expansion upon cycles. As a combination result of several advantages, the developed quaternary C-MoS₂/CNTs-Ti₃C₂ composite anode shows an excellent sodium storage performance (562 mA h g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1 after 200 cycles) and rate capability (475 mA h g^-1 at 2000 mA g^-1). The density functional theory calculations further prove that the full combination of layer-expanded MoS₂ nanosheets and N-doped Ti₃C₂ matrix can significantly enhance the adsorption energy of Na ions, further resulting in the enhancement of sodium storage capabilities.

Key words: MoS₂ nanosheets, Ti₃C₂ MXene, Quaternary composite, Nitrogen doping, Sodium-ion batteries

Fengyi He, Cheng Tang, Yadong Liu, Haitao Li, Aijun Du, Haijiao Zhang. Carbon-coated MoS₂ nanosheets@CNTs-Ti₃C₂ MXene quaternary composite with the superior rate performance for sodium-ion batteries[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 100: 101-109.

Figures/Tables 7

Scheme 1. Schematic illustration for the preparation process of the quaternary C-MoS2/CNTs-Ti3C2 composite.

Fig. 1. (a-c) SEM images (d, e) TEM images, (f) HRTEM image, (g) STEM image of C-MoS2/CNTs-Ti3C2, and (h-l) corresponding elemental mapping of Mo, S, C, Ti and N.

Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns, and (b) Raman spectra of C-MoS2/CNTs-Ti3C2, G-MoS2/Ti3C2, and MoS2/Ti3C2. (c) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and corresponding pore size distribution curve (inset), (d) XPS survey spectrum of C-MoS2/CNTs-Ti3C2, and high-resolution spectra of (e) Mo 3d, (f) S 2p, (g) C 1s, (h) Ti 2p, and (i) N 1s.

Fig. 3. (a) CV curves at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s-1, and (b) Charge-discharge profiles of the C-MoS2/CNTs-Ti3C2 electrode at 100 mA g-1. (c) Cycling performances at 100 mA g-1, (d) Rate capabilities, and (e) Capacity retention rates at different current densities of C-MoS2/CNTs-Ti3C2, G-MoS2/Ti3C2, and MoS2/Ti3C2 electrode. (f) Comparison of the reversible capacity between C-MoS2/CNTs-Ti3C2 and different MoS2-based electrodes reported in the previous literature.

Fig. 4. (a) Electrochemical impedance spectra, (b) GITT curves, and (c) The calculated Na+ chemical diffusion coefficients of C-MoS2/CNTs-Ti3C2, G-MoS2/Ti3C2, and MoS2/Ti3C2 electrodes. (d) CV curves at various scan speeds of 0.2-2 mV s-1, (e) Capacitive and diffusion-controlled contribution to charge storage at 2.0 mV s-1, and (f) The percentages of capacitive and diffusion-controlled capacities under different scan speeds of C-MoS2/CNTs-Ti3C2.

Fig. 5. (a, b) First-principles optimized geometries, (c, d) calculated charge density with the isovalue of 0.001 e/Å3) for Na intercalation, and (e, f) corresponding density of states for extended MoS2 and Ti3C2-MoS2 heterostructure, respectively. The yellow and blue areas represent electron accumulation and depletion, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.).

Scheme 2. Schematic illustration for the rational design of the quaternary C-MoS2/CNTs-Ti3C2 anode for SIBs.

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Carbon-coated MoS₂ nanosheets@CNTs-Ti₃C₂ MXene quaternary composite with the superior rate performance for sodium-ion batteries

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