N-doped residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles for electromagnetic wave absorption

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.06.052

Abstract

Abstract:

The electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) performance of materials is affected by their dielectric and magnetic properties. Here, ferroferric oxide@N-doped residual carbon (Fe₃O₄@NRC) composites were successfully fabricated by decorating NRC with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles via a facile chemical co-precipitation method. The RC was obtained through acid treatment to remove the inorganic minerals in coal gasification fine slag. The structure, composition, thermal stability, morphology, and related EM parameters of the as-fabricated Fe₃O₄@NRC composites were thoroughly tested via analytical techniques. Notably, both the Fe₃O₄@NRC-2 and Fe₃O₄@NRC-3 composites exhibited superior EMWA capacity. When 40% mass was added, the value of minimal reflection loss (RL_min) for Fe₃O₄@NRC-2 was -37.4 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL ≤ -10 dB) reached 4.16 GHz (13.84-18.00 GHz) at a thickness of 1.5 mm. Besides, the value of impedance matching was 1.00 as the RL_min was achieved. The results demonstrated that the EMWA performance of the composites could be adjusted by controlling the content of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The magnetic/carbon composites exhibited superior EMWA performance, thus promoting the resource utilization of residual carbon in coal gasification fine slag from coal gasification.

Key words: Residual carbon, Fe₃O₄, Nitrogen-doped, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Impedance matching

Jun He, Shengtao Gao, Yuanchun Zhang, Xingzhao Zhang, Hanxu Li. N-doped residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag decorated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for electromagnetic wave absorption[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 104: 98-108.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1 Proximate and ultimate analysis of FS.

	Proximate analysis (d, wt.%)				Ultimate analysis (d, wt.%)
Sample	A	V	FC	C	H	O*	N	S_t
FS	32.59	1.07	66.34	66.73	0.16	0.24	0.09	0.19

Table 2 Chemical composition ratios of FS.

Sample	SiO₂	Al₃O₄	Fe₂O₃	MnO	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	P₂O₅	TiO₂	SO₃	LOI
FS	47.02	27.40	8.87	0.083	8.54	1.58	1.37	1.90	0.35	1.41	0.64	0.28

Scheme 1. Typical synthesis procedures of Fe3O4@NRC composites.

Fig. 1. XRD patterns (a) and TGA curves (b) of RC and Fe3O4@NRC composites.

Fig. 2. (a) Raman spectra and each fitting band of (b) RC, (c) Fe3O4@NRC-1, (d) Fe3O4@NRC-2 and (e) Fe3O4@NRC-3; (f) The hysteresis loop of Fe3O4@NRC composites.

Fig. 3. SEM images of Fe3O4@NRC-1 (a1, a2), Fe3O4@NRC-2 (b1, b2), Fe3O4@NRC-3 (c1, c2); EDX mapping images of Fe3O4@NRC-2: (d) C, (e) O, (f) N and (g) Fe.

Fig. 4. TEM and HRTEM images of (a-c) Fe3O4@NRC-1, (d-f) Fe3O4@NRC-2 and (g-i) Fe3O4@NRC-3.

Fig. 5. Survey scan (a) of Fe3O4@NRC composites and RC; (b) Fe 2p, (c) O 1s, (d) C 1s and (e) N 1s of Fe3O4@NRC-2; (f) Atomic percentages of elements of RC and Fe3O4@NRC composites.

Fig. 6. (a) ε', (b) ε'', (c) µ', (d) µ'', (e) tanδε, (f) tanδµ versus f curves of Fe3O4@NRC composites.

Fig. 7. RL ~ f curves and 3D plots of RL for (a, b) Fe3O4@NRC-1, (c, d) Fe3O4@NRC-2 and (e, f) Fe3O4@NRC-3 composites; (g) |RLmin|~Fe3O4@NRC composites curve and (h) EAB ~ Fe3O4@NRC composites histogram at the thickness of 1.5 mm.

Fig. 8. Cole-cole curves of (a) Fe3O4@NRC-1, (b) Fe3O4@NRC-2, and (c) Fe3O4@NRC-3.

Fig. 9. (a) α and (b) |Zin/Z0| vs f curves of Fe3O4@NRC composites.

Fig. 10. RL, tm and |Zin/Z0| vs f curves of Fe3O4@NRC-2 composites.

Table 3 The MA performance of relative microwave absorbers.

Absorber	Thickness(mm)	EAB(RL ≤-10 dB)	RL_min(dB)	Refs.
rGO-Fe₃O₄	2.1	6.3	-48.6	[42]
C@Fe₃O₄	2.23	6.1	-80.0	[62]
Fe₃O₄@PEDOT/rGO	2.9	4.32	-48.8	[63]
Fe₃O₄/C	2.0	5.6	-58.5	[64]
Fe₃O₄@SnO₂/RGO	4.0	3.0	-45.5	[65]
Fe-Co/Carbon	1.2	5.8	-21.7	[66]
3D-Graphene/Fe₃O₄	2.0	5.8	-27.0	[67]
RGO/Fe₃O₄/ZnO	2.0	5.0	-57.0	[68]
Graphene/γ-Fe₂O₃	2.5	3.0	-59.7	[69]
Fe@C	3.0	6.6	-20.6	[70]
(Tm_0.2Y_0.2Pr_0.2Gd_0.2Dy_0.2)₃Si₂C₂	2.9	3.4	-40.7	[71]
(Ti_0.2Zr_0.2Hf_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)C	1.9	2.1	-38.5	[72]
(Ce_0.2Y_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2)B₆	2.0	3.9	-33.4	[73]
SiC/Fe@C	1.95	7.0	-63.4	[74]
Fe₃O₄/NRC-2	1.5	4.16	-37.3	This work
Fe₃O₄/NRC-3	1.5	4.32	-29.6	This work

Scheme 2. The proposed EMW absorption mechanisms of Fe3O4@NRC composites.

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N-doped residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag decorated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for electromagnetic wave absorption

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