J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2020, Vol. 48: 44-56.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.12.020
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Guanyi Jing, Wenpu Huang, Huihui Yang, Zemin Wang*()
Received:
2019-11-09
Accepted:
2019-12-24
Published:
2020-07-01
Online:
2020-07-13
Contact:
Zemin Wang
Guanyi Jing, Wenpu Huang, Huihui Yang, Zemin Wang. Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of 300M steel produced by low and high power selective laser melting[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 48: 44-56.
Elements | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | V | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass fraction% | 0.42 | 1.79 | 0.84 | 0.99 | 1.68 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.09 | Bal. |
Table 1 Chemical composition of 300M steel powders.
Elements | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | V | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass fraction% | 0.42 | 1.79 | 0.84 | 0.99 | 1.68 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.09 | Bal. |
Fig. 4. Relationship between the volumetric energy density and relative densities of as-deposited samples processed at various laser powers. Optical micrographs reveal lack of fusion voids in the samples with different relative densities.
Laser power, P (W) | Layer thickness, δ (mm) | scanning velocity, v (mm/s) | hatch spacing, h (mm) | P/v (J·mm-1) | P/v (W·s0.5·mm-0.5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
300 | 0.04 | 800 | 0.10 | 0.375 | 10.6 |
600 | 0.08 | 600 | 0.12 | 1.0 | 24.5 |
800 | 0.08 | 800 | 0.14 | 1.0 | 28.3 |
1000 | 0.12 | 600 | 0.16 | 1.67 | 40.8 |
1900 | 0.16 | 1000 | 0.18 | 1.9 | 60.1 |
Table 2 Parameters used to produce the cubic samples with relative density more than 99.9% by SLM.
Laser power, P (W) | Layer thickness, δ (mm) | scanning velocity, v (mm/s) | hatch spacing, h (mm) | P/v (J·mm-1) | P/v (W·s0.5·mm-0.5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
300 | 0.04 | 800 | 0.10 | 0.375 | 10.6 |
600 | 0.08 | 600 | 0.12 | 1.0 | 24.5 |
800 | 0.08 | 800 | 0.14 | 1.0 | 28.3 |
1000 | 0.12 | 600 | 0.16 | 1.67 | 40.8 |
1900 | 0.16 | 1000 | 0.18 | 1.9 | 60.1 |
Fig. 6. Optical micrographs of XZ section of 300M steel bulk samples under various laser powers: (a) 300 W, (b) 600 W, (c) 800 W, (d) 1000 W, (e) 1900 W. The red two-way arrows measure the depth and half width of the molten pools.
Fig. 8. XRD patterns of 300M steel powders and SLMed samples processed with various laser powers: (a) overview, (b) details inside the black dotted bordered rectangle of (a).
Fig. 9. SEM images of the XZ sections of as-deposited 300M steel samples under various laser powers: (a) 300 W, (b) 600 W, (c) 800 W, (d) 1000 W, (e) 1900 W. Zone A and B represent the microstructure in the molten pool and heat-affected zone of as-deposited samples, respectively. Boundaries of columnar prior austenite grains (PAG) are marked by yellow dashed lines. Alpha ferrite (α-Fe) and granular carbides are indicated by the black and pink arrows, respectively.
Fig. 10. Microstructural characteristics such as PAG sizes and the sizes of α-Fe in the molten pools (MP) and heat-affected zones (HAZ) of as-deposited samples at different laser powers.
Fig. 11. Inverse pole figure color maps with high-angle (>10°) boundaries of as-deposited samples under various laser powers: (a) 300 W, (b) 600 W, (c) 800 W, (d) 1000 W, (e) 1900 W.
Fig. 14. EBSD grain-boundary maps of 300M steel samples fabricated at different laser powers: (a) 300 W, (b) 600 W, (c) 800 W, (d) 1000 W, (e) 1900 W.
Fig. 17. Fracture morphologies of SLM-processed 300M steel tensile test pieces under different laser powers: (a) 300 W, (b) 600 W, (c) 800 W, (d) 1000 W, (e) 1900 W.
Fig. 18. Schematic diagram of microstructural evolution. Steps 1 to 4 describes successive variable processes of the microstructure of a bulk deposited by SLM.
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