J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 71: 152-162.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.07.032
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Luyan Yanga,b,c, Shuangming Lib,*(), Kai Fanb, Yang Lib, Yanhui Chena,*(), Wei Lia, Deli Konga,c, Pengfei Caoc, Haibo Longa, Ang Lia
Received:
2020-05-29
Revised:
2020-07-15
Accepted:
2020-07-27
Published:
2021-04-30
Online:
2021-04-30
Contact:
Shuangming Li,Yanhui Chen
About author:
yhchen@bjut.edu.cn (Y. Chen).Luyan Yang, Shuangming Li, Kai Fan, Yang Li, Yanhui Chen, Wei Li, Deli Kong, Pengfei Cao, Haibo Long, Ang Li. Twin crystal structured Al-10 wt.% Mg alloy over broad velocity conditions achieved by high thermal gradient directional solidification[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 71: 152-162.
Fig. 1. Typical twinned dendrite microstructures in directionally solidified Al-10 wt.% Mg alloys at constant growth velocities of (a) 500 μm/s, (b) 1000 μm/s, (c) 1500 μm/s, (d) 2000 μm/s, and (e) 3000 μm/s. The arrow indicates the direction of the thermal gradient G. Twinned dendrites and regular columnar dendrites are indicated with “T” and “R”, respectively.
Fig. 2. Overall view of the longitudinal microstructure in the directionally solidified Al-10 wt.% Mg alloys at constant velocities of (a) 500 μm/s, (b) 1500 μm/s, and (c) 3000 μm/s. Twinned dendrite grains are marked with Ti, where i = 1,2,3, and 4.
Fig. 3. (a) Twinned dendrite microstructures that solidified at 3000 μm/s in a section perpendicular to the {111} twin plane, and (b) corresponding EBSD map and <110> and <111> pole figures. (c) Twinned dendrite microstructures that solidified at 3000 μm/s in a section nearly parallel to the {111} twin plane, and (b) corresponding EBSD map and pole figures. The red lines in the pole figures indicate the {111} twin planes. The common <111> directions are circled in the pole figures.
Fig. 4. (a-b) SEM and EBSD maps near the nucleation region of the twinned dendrites in the Al-10 wt.% Mg alloy solidified at 1500 μm/s. (c) Corresponding <110> and <111> pole figures of grains T1, T2, and T3 in (a-b). (d) The assemblage of three <110> pole figures of grains T1, T2, and T3. (e-f) EBSD map of twin grains T4 and T5 cross-growth during steady-state solidification at 1500 μm/s, and the corresponding pole figures. The red arcs mark the {111} twin plane of each twin grain. The blue circles indicate the nearly common <110> axes with a misorientation spread of 9-10°.
Fig. 5. (a) Quenched microstructure of Al-10 wt.% Mg alloy directionally solidified at 3000 μm/s and (b) a magnified view. EBSD maps of (c) equiaxed dendrites and (d) twinned dendrites formed during quenching. (e) Corresponding <110> and <111> pole figures of twinned dendrites shown in (d). (f) Misorientation profile along the white arrow line relative to the starting point in (d).
Fig. 7. Evolution of the longitudinal microstructure in the directionally solidified Al-10 wt.% Mg alloy with a growth velocity that was decreased from 3000 μm/s to 100 μm/s.
Fig. 8. (a) The steady-state transverse microstructure of the Al-10 wt.% Mg alloy that was solidified at 100 μm/s, which was decreased from 3000 μm/s. (b-c) SEM and EBSD maps of two coexisting twinned dendrite grains T1 and T2 shown in (a). (d) The orientation relationship between grains T1 and T2, including the <110> pole figure. The red arcs indicate the {111} twin planes.
Fig. 9. Evolution of the longitudinal microstructure of the directionally solidified Al-10 wt.% Mg alloy with the growth velocity that wad decreased from 3000 μm/s to 10 μm/s (a1-h1), and decreased from 3000 μm/s to 0.5 μm/s (a2-h2). The blue arrow in (d1-f1) indicates the gradual absence of side arms and the transformation from twinned dendrites to twinned cells (h1).
Fig. 10. (a) Steady-state transverse microstructure of Al-10 wt.% Mg alloy at 0.5 μm/s, which was decreased from 3000 μm/s. (b) Typical EBSD map containing an incoherent twin boundary (yellow line) created by the independent growth of twin domains. Three-dimensional crystal orientations acquired from different regions are provided. (c) Corresponding pole figures of (b). The red lines in (b) and (c) indicate the {111} twin planes. (d-e) Misorientation profiles measured along the white dotted lines 1 and 2 crossing boundaries shown in (b). (f) Overall misorientation angle distribution in (b). The inset shows several misorientation angles measured crossing different boundaries.
Parameter (Unit) | Value | Refs. |
---|---|---|
Liquid diffusion coefficient, DL (m2/s) | 1.5 × 10-9 | [ |
Average thermal gradient in the liquid, G (K/cm) | ∼269 | |
Liquidus slope, mL (K/wt.%) | -5.8 | |
Equilibrium partition coefficient, k0 | 0.472 | [ |
Liquid thermal conductivity, kL (W/(m K) | 92.6 | [ |
Solid thermal conductivity, kS (W/(m K) | 130 | [ |
Table 1 Thermophysical properties of the Al-Mg alloy used in the calculation.
Parameter (Unit) | Value | Refs. |
---|---|---|
Liquid diffusion coefficient, DL (m2/s) | 1.5 × 10-9 | [ |
Average thermal gradient in the liquid, G (K/cm) | ∼269 | |
Liquidus slope, mL (K/wt.%) | -5.8 | |
Equilibrium partition coefficient, k0 | 0.472 | [ |
Liquid thermal conductivity, kL (W/(m K) | 92.6 | [ |
Solid thermal conductivity, kS (W/(m K) | 130 | [ |
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