The crystallographic texture and dependent mechanical properties of the CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy by laser remelting strategy

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.08.094

Abstract

Abstract:

Laser remelting (LR) has attracted widespread attention in recent years as an effective method to reduce internal defects and improve the surface quality of additively manufactured (AM) parts. In the present study, three different LR inter-layer scanning strategies (LR0, LR90 and LR45) and their effects on the porosity, microstructure, crystallographic texture and related mechanical properties of parts have been studied. Optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope were used as characterization tools. In the LR90 sample, it shows obvious {111} <110> texture and strong <111> preferred orientation along the scanning direction (SD), while the 0° offset and the 45° rotation of LR scanning strategy form a finer microstructure and weak crystallographic texture. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the LR sample are improved compared with the sample only by laser metal deposition (LMD), and a combination of higher strength and optimal uniform elongation is obtained in the LR45 sample. The overall results show that a reasonable LR scanning strategy can reduce the anisotropy of AM parts and improve their mechanical properties.

Key words: CrCoNi, Laser remelting, Porosity, Crystallographic orientation, Mechanical properties

Pengsheng Xue, Lida Zhu, Jinsheng Ning, Peihua Xu, Shuhao Wang, Zhichao Yang, Yuan Ren, Guiru Meng. The crystallographic texture and dependent mechanical properties of the CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy by laser remelting strategy[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 111: 245-255.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1. (a) SEM image, EDX analysis and particle size distribution of the CrCoNi pre-alloyed powders, (b) Laser scanning strategies and sample size of LMD and LR: (i) LMD, (ii) LR90, (iii) LR0 and (iv) LR45.

Table 1. LMD and LR conditions.

LMD conditions	Empty Cell	LR conditions	Empty Cell
Laser power (W)	850	Laser power (W)	510
Scanning speed (mm/s)	9.5	Scanning speed (mm/s)	9.5
Defocusing distance (mm)	13.5	Z-axis lift (mm)	0.4
Z-axis lift (mm)	0.4	Number of layers	15
Number of layers	15	Hatch spacing (mm)	1.2
Hatch spacing (mm)	1.2	-	-

Fig. 2. (a) Optical microscopic images of pores, (b) Relative density distribution.

Fig. 3. XRD patterns of samples by LMD, LR90, LR0 and LR45: (a) front, (b) top.

Fig. 4. (a) The molten pool traces of side on samples by LMD, LR90, LR0 and LR45, (b) The microstructure of top, side and front on samples by LMD, LR90, LR0 and LR45.

Fig. 5. The EBSD analysis of samples under LMD, LR90, LR0 and LR45. (a, b) Inverse pole figure (IPF) imagines and pole figures, (c) Grain size distribution and (d) Schmid factor (SF) distribution.

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of crystallographic texture formation of samples under (a) LMD, (b) LR90, (c) LR0 and (d) LR45.

Fig. 7. Mechanical properties of samples under different process parameters. (a) Engineering stress-strain curves, (b) Histogram of microhardness, yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and uniform elongation (εf).

Table 2. Mechanical properties of LMD specimens varying with crystallographic orientations.

Sample	YS(MPa)	UTS(MPa)	Uniform elongation(%)	Taylor factor	Averagegrain size(μm)	Cellular substructure size (μm)
LMD	439.97 ± 6.61	632.84 ± 44.99	18.87 ± 4.76	3.36	316.81	6.33
LR90	442.25 ± 4.07	662.07 ± 9.96	21.22 ± 2.26	3.23	173.32	5.46
LR0	489.01 ± 14.45	714.79 ± 29.36	22.99 ± 3.77	3.02	160.30	5.58
LR45	487.21 ± 17.14	707.49 ± 7.68	26.41 ± 1.97	2.86	135.79	5.45
Cast [44]	∼170	∼480	55	-	-	-
Cast [45]	230	∼610	52	-	-	-

Fig. 8. The inverse pole figure (IPF) map (i-iii), band contrast (BC) map (iv-vi), kernel average misorientation (KAM) map (vii-ix) and Schmid factor (SF) map (x-xii) near the fracture of the sample after tensile test under different process parameters: (i, iv, vii, x) LR90, (ii, v, viii, xi) partial magnification of LR90 sample, (iii, vi, ix, xii) LR45.

Fig. 9. The tensile sample under different process parameters. (a) Fracture morphology: (i-iii) LMD, (iv-vi) LR90, (vii-ix) LR0, (x-xii) LR45, (b) Microcrack characteristics: (i, ii) LMD, (iii, iv) LR90, (v, vi) LR0, (vii, -viii) LR45.

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