Enhanced bioactivity and interfacial bonding strength of Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb alloy through graded porosity and surface bioactivation

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.06.008

Abstract

Abstract:

The gradient porous Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb (TLM) alloy rods were fabricated through sintering the alloyed powder to a solid core. The porous sample was then modified by a Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO) treatment in an electrolyte containing calcium and phosphate, a hydrothermal treatment enabled secondary microporous hydroxyapatite (HA) coating, and a further bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) loading treatment through immersion and freeze-drying. The treatment led to an orderly secondary microporous coating containing HA nano-particles and evenly distributed BMP-2 in the porous coatings. As a result, osteoblasts could adhere and grow well on the coatings with a high cell adhesion rate and cell functional activity. The in-situ shear testing indicated that the interfacial strength had been enhanced significantly. Improvement of the bond formation and osseointegration with the titanium implant is attributed to increased surface area for the cell to attach, creating voids for the cell to grow in, and activating titanium surface by introducing bioactive ingredients such as HA and BMP-2.

Key words: Graded porosity titanium, Secondary microporous, Bioactivity, Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb alloy, Interface binding strength

Sen Yu, Zhe Yu, Dagang Guo, Hui Zhu, Minghua Zhang, Jianye Han, Zhentao Yu, Yemin Cao, Gui Wang. Enhanced bioactivity and interfacial bonding strength of Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb alloy through graded porosity and surface bioactivation[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 100: 137-149.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1. The GPT sample for implantation.

Fig. 2. Implant sample attached to the fixture for mechanical testing.

Fig. 3. Surface morphology of the samples, (a) GPT, (b) Micrographs of the secondary microporous coatings, (c) CPT+HA, (d) CPT+HA+BMP.

Fig. 4. (a) and (b) EDS of the CPT+HA, (c) XRD pattern of the GPT after surface modification.

Fig. 5. MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the surface of active porous calcium-phosphate films for 24h: (a) SEM images, (b) Actin fluorochrome stain, and (c) Hoechest -33342 fluorochrome stain; subscript (1) CPT, (2) CPT+HA, and (c) CPT+HA+BMP.

Fig. 6. (a) Mean OD of cell proliferation on the surface of each group for 5 days’ culture and (b) Intracellular ALP content (IU/L), (c) Intracellular COL-I content, (d) OC content of three coatings at different times (*p<0.05, **p<0.01)

Fig. 7. Sections were stained with modified Lichunhong trichrome and formation rate of new bone at different times in three groups (*p<0.05, **p<0.01)

Fig. 8. Interfacial shear strength between implant and bone tissue at different implantation intervals (n=3)

Fig. 9. (a) New bone tissue inside the implant after 4 Weeks implantation and (b) new bone tissue inside and outside the CPT+HA+BMP coating after 24 weeks implantation

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