In-situ conversion growth of carbon-coated MoS2/N-doped carbon nanotubes as anodes with superior capacity retention for sodium-ion batteries

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.06.036

Abstract

Abstract:

Layered structure MoS₂ nanosheets have shown great potential for energy storage applications. However, the methodology for elaborately controllable growth of MoS₂ onto carbonaceous matrix for promoting the electrochemical performance is highly desirable. Herein, a high-effective, all-in-one in-situ conversion growth strategy has been proposed to construct a stable sandwich-type nanostructure. The formation of the optimized C-MoS₂/NCNTs product undergoes a dissolution-recrystallization process, in which ultrathin carbon layer-coated MoS₂ nanosheets densely assembled onto the surface of polyimide (PI) derived N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Theoretical simulation reveals that MoS₂ nanosheets possessing an expanded interlayer spacing of 0.92 nm can greatly reduce the barrier energy of Na ions mitigation. Accordingly, the as-made C-MoS₂/NCNTs anode delivers superior cycling stability (82% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 1 Ag^-1) and rate performance (348 mAh g^-1 at 2 Ag^-1). The results demonstrate that the expanded MoS₂ interlayer distance, ultrathin outer carbon coating, and N-doped CNTs matrix together accounts for the outstanding sodium storage capability for the C-MoS₂/NCNTs electrode.

Key words: MoS₂ nanosheets, In-situ conversion, Carbon coating, Expanded interlayer spacing, Sodium-ion batteries

Yadong Liu, Cheng Tang, Weiwei Sun, Guanjia Zhu, Aijun Du, Haijiao Zhang. In-situ conversion growth of carbon-coated MoS₂/N-doped carbon nanotubes as anodes with superior capacity retention for sodium-ion batteries[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 102: 8-15.

Figures/Tables 7

Scheme. 1. Schematic illustration of the formation process of C-MoS2/NCNTs.

Fig. 1. (a,b) SEM images, (c,d) TEM images, (e,f) HRTEM images, (g,h) STEM image and the corresponding EDS elemental mapping of Mo, S, C, and N elements, and (i) EDX profile of C-MoS2/NCNTs.

Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns, (b) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, (c) Corresponding pore size curves, and (d) Raman spectra of C-MoS2/NCNTs, MoS2@NCNTs and MoS2/NCNTs. (e) XPS survey scanning spectrum of C-MoS2/NCNTs, and High-resolution XPS spectra of (f) Mo 3d, (g) S 2p, (h) C 1s, and (i) N 1s.

Fig. 3. (a) CV curves of C-MoS2/NCNTs from the first scan to the third scan at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s-1. (b) Cycle performances at 200 mA g-1, (c) at 1000 mA g-1, (d) Rate capabilities, and (e) Capacity retention of C-MoS2/NCNTs, MoS2@NCNTs and MoS2/NCNTs electrodes. (f) Comparison of cycling performances between C-MoS2/NCNTs and previously reported MoS2-based hybrid electrodes for SIBs.

Fig. 4. (a) EIS spectra, and (b) electronic conductivities of C-MoS2/NCNTs, MoS2@NCNTs and MoS2/NCNTs. (c) CV curves of C-MoS2/NCNTs electrode at various scan rates, (d) The relationship between logarithmic peak current and logarithmic scanning rate, and (e) pseudocapacitance contribution at different scanning rates. (f) The calculated Na+ diffusion coefficients of C-MoS2/NCNTs, MoS2@NCNTs and MoS2/NCNTs.

Fig. 5. (a) The geometries for the expanded bilayer MoS2 with and without Na+ intercalation and charge density difference with the isovalue of 0.001 e/Å3 for Na intercalated MoS2. The yellow and blue areas represent the electron accumulation and depletion, respectively. (b) The barrier energy for Na+ diffusion in bilayer MoS2.

Scheme. 2. Morphological and structural changes of three electrodes upon cycles: (a) C-MoS2/NCNTs, (b) MoS2@NCNTs, and (c) MoS2/NCNTs.

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In-situ conversion growth of carbon-coated MoS₂/N-doped carbon nanotubes as anodes with superior capacity retention for sodium-ion batteries

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