Enhanced protective coatings on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy through anodizing and post-sealing with layered double hydroxides

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.032

Abstract

Abstract:

Anodic oxidation is a prevalent technique to introduce superior corrosion and wear resistance upon the surface of titanium (Ti) alloys, in which the selection of appropriate electrolytes and defect-sealing strategies is a key. This study aims to address such issues through anodizing Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy in malic acid, followed by a post-sealing treatment with Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The characteristics of the samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). SEM micrographs reveals that the anodic coating had a surface full of bulges and cracks, and was almost sealed by the following LDHs treatment. XRD pattern indicate that the anodic coating was mainly consisted of amorphous TiO₂ with a small fraction of anatase, but its crystallization degree was increased through the post-sealing. Moreover, electrochemical and tribological measurements demonstrate that corrosion current density was 2.8 × 10^-6, 2.0 × 10^-7, 5.9 × 10^-9 A cm^-2, and wear rate was 1.45 × 10^-3, 1.30 × 10^-4 and 6.90 × 10^-5 mm³ N^-1 m^-1 for respective bare Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy substrate, anodized specimens without and with the LDHs post treatment. Finally, a plausible wear mechanism was proposed.

Key words: Titanium alloy, Malic acid, Layered double hydroxides, Sealing, Corrosion resistance, Tribological properties

Lei Liu, Liang Wu, Xiaobo Chen, Deen Sun, Yuan Chen, Gen Zhang, Xingxing Ding, Fusheng Pan. Enhanced protective coatings on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy through anodizing and post-sealing with layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 37: 104-113.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1 Parameters of anodizing process.

Parameter	Value
Frequency (Hz)	1.3
Duty cycle (%)	20
Current density (A dm^-2)	8
Anodizing time length (h)	1
Temperature (°C)	25?±?3
Surface area ratio of cathode to anode	4:1

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the technical procedures for fabricating anodic coating and post-sealing treatment.

Fig. 2. SEM surface micrographs and EDS analysis of (a, b) T, (c, d) TA and (e, f) TAS.

Fig. 3. AFM measurements of (a) T, (b) TA, (c) TAS and (d) surface roughness.

Fig. 4. Cross-sectional SEM micrographs of (a) TA and (b) TAS.

Fig. 5. GDOES depth profiles of (a) TA and (b) TAS.

Fig. 6. XRD patterns of T, TA and TAS.

Fig. 7. Potentiodynamic polarization curves measured in 3.5?wt.% NaCl solution of T, TA and TAS.

Table 2 Corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion current density (icorr) of all samples.

Sample	E_corr (V vs. SCE)	i_corr (A cm^-2)	Tafel slope (mV dec^-1)
Sample	E_corr (V vs. SCE)	i_corr (A cm^-2)	β_a	β_c
T	-0.484	2.8?×?10^-6	663	-631
TA	-0.147	2.0?×?10^-7	491	-558
TAS	-0.243	5.9?×?10^-9	909	-304

Fig. 8. (a) Bode diagrams and (b) equivalent circuit of T, TA and TAS.

Table 3 Corresponding main fitted parameters of all samples.

Sample	R_s (Ω cm²)	CPE1		R₁ (Ω cm²)	CPE2		R₂ (Ω cm²)	CPE3		R₃ (Ω cm²)	χ²
Sample	R_s (Ω cm²)	Q₁ (S sⁿ?cm^-2)	n₁	R₁ (Ω cm²)	Q₂ (S sⁿ?cm^-2)	n₂	R₂ (Ω cm²)	Q₃ (S sⁿ?cm^-2)	n₃	R₃ (Ω cm²)	χ²
T	4	7.60?×?10^-5	0.84	5.54?×?10⁴	-	-	-	-	-	-	8.15?×?10^-3
TA	118	2.28?×?10^-7	0.66	4.20?×?10³	3.95?×?10^-6	0.51	6.36?×?10⁵	-	-	-	5.85?×?10^-3
TAS	405	7.04?×?10^-10	1	3.75?×?10³	5.37?×?10^-8	0.70	1.61?×?10⁷	9.43?×?10^-8	0.89	3.20?×?10⁷	8.46?×?10^-3

Fig. 9. SEM images and corresponding EDS analysis of the wear tracks of (a) T, (b) TA and (c) TAS.

Fig. 10. Friction coefficient of T, TA and TAS.

Fig. 11. Cross sectional view of the (a) wear tracks and (b) wear rates of T, TA and TAS.

Fig. 12. Diagrammatic illustration of the wear tests for (a) T, (b) TA and (c) TAS.

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