Effects of deformation processes on morphology, microstructure and corrosion resistance of LDHs films on magnesium alloy AZ31

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.10.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Highly oriented Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDHs) films were deposited on magnesium alloy AZ31 with different deformation processes by an easy in-situ growth method. The characteristics of the films were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical, immersion and hydrogen evolution tests. The corrosion protection performance ranked the LDHs films as the increasing series: CS-LDHs (as-cast sample with LDHs) < AE-LDHs (asymmetric extrusion sample with LDHs) < SE-LDHs (symmetric extrusion sample with LDHs) < RS-LDHs (rolled sample with LDHs). A thicker and more compact LDH conversion coating was formed on the RS sample, and had the best corrosion protection performance.

Key words: AZ31, Microstructure, LDHs films, Corrosion resistance, Deformation processes

Jing Chen, Liang Wu, Xingxing Ding, Qiang Liu, Xu Dai, Jiangfeng Song, Bin Jiang, Andrej Atrens, Fusheng Pan. Effects of deformation processes on morphology, microstructure and corrosion resistance of LDHs films on magnesium alloy AZ31[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 64: 10-20.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig. 1. (a) Experimental flow chart for synthesis of LDHs by hydrothermal method, (b) hydrogen evolution tests method.

Fig. 2. Optical micrographs of (a) as-cast AZ31, (b) SE AZ31, (c) AE AZ31, and (d) rolled AZ31.

Fig. 3. Area-weighted grain size distributions of (a) as-cast AZ31, (b) SE AZ31, (c) AE AZ31, and (d) rolled AZ31.

Fig. 4. SEM surface micrographs and EDS analysis of (a) and (b) CS-LDHs; (c) and (d) SE-LDHs; (e) and (f) AE-LDHs; and (g) and (h) RS-LDHs.

Fig. 5. XRD patterns of (a) CS-LDH; (b) SE-LDH; (c) AE-LDH; (d) RS-LDH.

Fig. 6. FT-IR spectra of (a) CS-LDHs; (b) SE-LDHs; (c) AE-LDHs; (d) RS-LDHs.

Fig. 7. Cross-section SEM micrographs of (a) CS-LDHs; (b) SE-LDHs; (c) AE-LDHs; and (d) RS-LDHs.

Fig. 8. GDOES depth profiles of LDHs produced on different specimens: (a) CS-LDHs; (b) SE-LDHs; (c) AE-LDHs; (d) RS-LDHs.

Fig. 9. Tafel polarization curves in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution of CS-LDHs, SE-LDHs, AE-LDHs and RS-LDHs.

Table 1 Corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current density (icorr), anodic Tafel slope (ba), and cathodic Tafel slops (bc) for different specimens.

Samples	E_corr (V_SCE)	i_corr (μA cm^-2)	Tafel slope (mV dec^-1)		P_i (mm y^-1)
Samples	E_corr (V_SCE)	i_corr (μA cm^-2)	b_a	b_c	P_i (mm y^-1)
CS-LDHs	-0.33	11.3	637	-661	0.26
SE-LDHs	-0.32	6.6	593	-394	0.15
AE-LDHs	-0.22	7.4	831	-234	0.17
RS-LDHs	-0.16	0.685	271	-214	0.02

Fig. 10. Impedance spectra obtained for various specimens after (a, b) 0.5 h; (c, d) 7 days immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.

Fig. 11. Equivalent circuits used to fit spectra in Fig. 10.

Table 2 Fitted parameters for EIS spectrum depicted in Fig. 10.

Samples		R_sol	CPE_out	n_out	R_out	CPE_inn	n_inn	R_inn	χ²
		(Ω cm²)	(μF cm^-2)		(Ω cm²)	(μF cm^-2)		(Ω cm²)	×10^-3
30 min	CS-LDHs	25.63	1.15 × 10^-5	0.86	484.2	1.7 × 10^-5	0.90	2851	9.7
	SE-LDHs	25.88	6.52 × 10^-7	0.72	27.5	1.97 × 10^-5	0.67	9329	4.6
	AE-LDHs	26.16	1.23 × 10^-5	0.85	357.1	1.80 × 10^-5	0.81	7107	3.8
	RS-LDHs	29.41	1.74 × 10^-6	0.64	668.7	1.94 × 10^-5	0.62	34553	3.7
7 d	CS-LDHs	25.43	4.64 × 10^-5	0.82	164.5	5.5 × 10^-3	0.52	321	5.0
	SE-LDHs	40.7	4.62 × 10^-6	0.56	3692	2.22 × 10^-5	0.69	23038	1.8
	AE-LDHs	33.79	3.34 × 10^-6	0.59	2448	2.71 × 10^-5	0.64	7980	5.1
	RS-LDHs	37.6	1.84 × 10^-6	0.68	3029	8.18 × 10^-5	0.45	5256	4.2

Fig. 12. Photographs of different specimens after 7 days immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.

Fig. 13. (a) Hydrogen evolution volume and (b) hydrogen evolution rates as a function of immersion time for different sample in 3.5 wt.% NaCl.

Fig. 14. Schematic illustration of the influence mechanism of microstructure on the controlled growth of Mg-Al LDHs films.

References 57

[1]	R.Z. Ma, J.B. Liang, X.H. Liu, T. Sasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134(2012), pp. 19915-19921. DOI URL
[2]	B.J. Dou, Y.Q. Wang, T. Zhang, B. Liu, Y.W. Shao, G.Z. Meng, F.H. Wang, , J. Electrochem. Soc., 163(2016), pp. C917-C927. DOI URL
[3]	B.J. Wang, D.K. Xu, J.H. Dong, X.B. Chen, W. Ke, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 34(2018), pp. 1756-1764. DOI URL
[4]	Y. Wang, W. Yang, S. Zhang, D.G. Evans, X. Duan, , J. Electrochem. Soc., 152(2005), pp. A2130-A2137. DOI URL
[5]	G.R. Williams, D. O’Hare, J. Mater. Chem., 16(2006), pp. 3065-3074. DOI URL
[6]	B.J. Wang, D.K. Xu, J.H. Dong, X.B. Chen, W. Ke, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 34(2018), pp. 1756-1764. DOI URL
[7]	X.P. Lu, C. Blawert, D.K. Tolnai, T.K. Subroto, K.U. Kainer, T. Zhang, F.H. Wang, M.L. Zheludkevich , Corros. Sci., 139(2018), pp. 395-402. DOI URL
[8]	Y. Chen, X.P. Lu, C. Blawert, M.L. Zheludkevich, T. Zhang, F.H. Wang , Surf. Coat. Technol., 337(2018), pp. 379-388. DOI URL
[9]	R.C. Zeng, Z.G. Liu, F. Zhang, S.Q. Li, H.Z. Cui, E.H. Han, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2(2014), pp. 13049-13057. DOI URL
[10]	F. Zhang, L. Zhao, H. Chen, S. Xu, D.G. Evans, X. Duan , Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 47(2008), pp. 2466-2469. DOI URL
[11]	E.V. Bendinelli, A.C. Rocha, O.E. Barcia, I.V. Aoki , I.C.P. Margarit-Mattos, Mater. Chem. Phys., 173(2016), pp. 26-32.
[12]	H.Y. Chen, F.Z. Zhang, S.S. Fu, X. Duan , Adv. Mater., 18(2006), pp. 3089-3093. DOI URL
[13]	M. Zhou, X.L. Pang, L. Wei, K.W. Gao , Appl. Surf. Sci., 337(2015), pp. 172-177. DOI URL
[14]	M.L. Zheludkevich, S.K. Poznyak, L.M. Rodrigues, D. Raps, T. Hack, L.F. Dick, T. Nunes , M.G.S. Ferreira, Corros. Sci., 52(2010), pp. 602-611.
[15]	G. Zhang, L. Wu, A.T. Tang, X.B. Chen, Y.L. Ma, Y. Long, P. Peng, X.X. Ding, H.L. Pan, F.S. Pan , Appl. Surf. Sci., 456(2018), pp. 419-429. DOI URL
[16]	G. Williams, S. Geary, H.N. McMurray, Corros. Sci., 57(2012), pp. 139-147. DOI URL
[17]	J. Chen, Y. Song, D. Shan, E.H. Han , Corros. Sci., 65(2012), pp. 268-277. DOI URL
[18]	F. Liu, D. Shan, Y. Song, E.H. Han, W. Ke , Corros. Sci., 53(2011), pp. 3845-3852. DOI URL
[19]	G. Duan, L. Yang, S. Liao, C. Zhang, X. Lu, Y. Yang, B. Zhang, Y. Wei, T. Zhang, B. Yu, X. Zhang, F. Wang , Corros. Sci., 135(2018), pp. 197-206. DOI URL
[20]	C.Y. Zhang, S.J. Liao, B.X. Yu, X.P. Lu, X.B. Chen, T. Zhang, F.H. Wang , Corros. Sci., 150(2019), pp. 279-295. DOI URL
[21]	B.J. Wang, S.D. Wang, D.K. Xu, E.H. Han, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 33(2017), pp. 1075-1086. DOI URL
[22]	J. Chen, Y. Song, D. Shan, E.H. Han , Corros. Sci., 63(2012), pp. 148-158. DOI URL
[23]	B.J. Wang, D.K. Xu, J. Sun, E.H. Han , Corros. Sci., 157(2019), pp. 347-356. DOI URL
[24]	Y.B. Zhao, H.P. Liu, C.Y. Li, Y. Chen, S.Q. Li, R.C. Zeng, Z.L. Wang , Appl. Surf. Sci., 434(2018), pp. 787-795. DOI URL
[25]	M.S. Song, R.C. Zeng, Y.F. Ding, R.W. Li, M. Easton, I. Cole, N. Birbilis, X.B. Chen, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 35(2019), pp. 535-544. DOI URL
[26]	B.J. Wang, J.Y. Luan, D.K. Xu, J. Sun, C.Q. Li, E.H. Han , Acta Metall. Sin.(Engl. Lett.), 32(2019), pp. 1-9.
[27]	X.J. Wang, D.K. Xu, R.Z. Wu, X.B. Chen, Q.M. Peng, L. Jin, Y.C. Xin, Z.Q. Zhang, Y. Liu, X.H. Chen, G. Chen, K.K. Deng, H.Y. Wang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 34(2018), pp. 245-247 DOI URL
[28]	B.J. Wang, D.K. Xu, S.D. Wang, L.Y. Sheng, R.C. Zeng, , E.H. Han. Int. J. Fatigue 120(2019), pp. 46-55,
[29]	Z.M. Shi, F.Y. Cao, G.L. Song, M. Liu, A. Atrens, Corros. Sci., 76(2013), pp. 98-118. DOI URL
[30]	Q.H. Wang, B. Jiang, A.T. Tang, S.X. Ma, Z.T. Jiang, Y.F. Chai, B. Liu, F.S. Pan , Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct.Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process., 689(2017), pp. 395-403.
[31]	B.J. Wang, D.K. Xu, S.D. Wang, E.H. Han , Front. Mech. Eng., 14(2019), pp. 113-127. DOI URL
[32]	B.J. Wang, D.K. Xu, Y.C. Xin, L.Y. Sheng, E.H. Han , Sci. Rep., 7(2017), p. 16014. DOI URL PMID
[33]	B.J. Wang, J.Y. Luan, D.K. Xu, J. Sun, C.Q. Li, E.H. Han , Acta Metall. Sin.(Engl. Lett.), 32(2019), pp. 1-9.
[34]	R.C. Zeng, L.Y. Cui, K. Jiang, R. Liu, B.D. Zhao, Y.F. Zheng , ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8(2016), pp. 10014-10028. DOI URL
[35]	A. Atrens, G.L. Song, M. Liu, Z.M. Shi, F.Y. Cao, M.S. Dargusch , Adv. Eng. Mater., 17(2015), pp. 400-453. DOI URL
[36]	L. Wu, D.N. Yang, G. Zhang, Z.C. Zhang, S. Zhang, A.T. Tang, F.S. Pan , Appl. Surf. Sci., 431(2018), pp. 177-186. DOI URL
[37]	G. Zhang, L. Wu, A.T. Tang, H.L. Pan, Y.L. Ma, Q. Zhan, Q.Y. Tan, F.S. Pan, A. Atrens, , J. Electrochem. Soc., 165(2018), pp. C317-C327. DOI URL
[38]	G. Zhang, L. Wu, A.T. Tang, Y.L. Ma, G.L. Song, D. Zheng, B. Jiang, A. Atrens, F.S. Pan , Corros. Sci., 139(2018), pp. 370-382. DOI URL
[39]	L. Wu, Z.C. Zhang, F.S. Pan, A.T. Tang, G. Zhang, L. Liu , Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 12(2017), pp. 6352-6364.
[40]	G. Zhang, L. Wu, A.T. Tang, S. Zhang, B. Yuan, Z.C. Zheng, F.S. Pan, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 4(2017), Article 1700163.
[41]	Y. Zhang, P.H. Yu, J.J. Wu, F. Chen, Y.D. Li, Y.L. Zhang, Y. Zuo, Y.A.L. Qi, J. Coat. Technol. Res., 15(2018), pp. 303-313. DOI URL
[42]	A. Soltan, M.S. Dargusch, Z. Shi, D. Gerrard, A. Atrens , Mater. Corros., 70(2019), pp. 1527-1552.
[43]	C.Y. Zhang, B. Liu, B.X. Yu, X.P. Lu, Y. Wei, T. Zhang, J.M.C. Mol, F.H. Wang, Surf. Coat. Technol., 359(2019), pp. 414-425. DOI URL
[44]	F. Cao, Z. Shi, G.L. Song, M. Liu, M.S. Dargusch, A. Atrens , Corros. Sci., 90(2015), pp. 176-191. DOI URL
[45]	Q.H. Wang, B. Jiang, Y.F. Chai, B. Liu, S.X. Ma, J. Xu, F.S. Pan , Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 673(2016), pp. 606-615. DOI URL
[46]	H.G. Wei, Y.R. Wang, J. Guo, N.Z. Shen, D.W. Jiang, X. Zhang, X.R. Yan, J.H. Zhu, Q. Wang, L. Shao, H.F. Lin, S.Y. Wei, Z.H. Guo, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3(2015), pp. 469-480. DOI URL
[47]	E. Alibakhshi, E. Ghasemi, M. Mahdavian, B. Ramezanzadeh, S. Farashic, , J. Electrochem. Soc., 163(2016), pp. C495-C505. DOI URL
[48]	J. Chen, Y. Song, D. Shan, E.H. Han , Corros. Sci., 74(2013), pp. 130-138. DOI URL
[49]	G. Zhang, L. Wu, A.T. Tang, B. Weng, A. Atrens, S.D. Ma, L. Liu, F.S. Pan , RSC Adv., 8(2018), pp. 2248-2259.
[50]	Y. Zhang, J.H. Liu, Y.D. Li, M. Yu, S.M. Li, B. Xue, J. Coat. Technol. Res., 12(2015), pp. 595-601. DOI URL
[51]	Z.M. Shi, A. Atrens , Corros. Sci., 53(2011), pp. 226-246. DOI URL
[52]	S.V. Gnedenkov, S.L. Sinebryukhov, V.I. Sergienko , Russ. J. Electrochem., 42(2006), pp. 197-211. DOI URL
[53]	X. Jiang, R.G. Guo, S.Q. Jiang, J. Magnes. Alloy., 4(2016), pp. 230-241. DOI URL
[54]	L. Li, N.D. Nam, J. Magnes. Alloy., 4(2016), pp. 44-51. DOI URL
[55]	B. Jiang, Q. Xiang, A. Atrens, J.F. Song, F.S. Pan , Corros. Sci., 126(2017), pp. 374-380. DOI URL
[56]	A.D. Atrens, I. Gentle, A. Atrens , Corros. Sci., 92(2015), pp. 173-181. DOI URL
[57]	A. Atrens, G.L. Song, F. Cao, Z. Shi, P.K. Bowen, J. Magnes. Alloy., 1(2013), pp. 177-200. DOI URL