MXene-derived TiO2 nanosheets decorated with Ag nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of ammonia at room temperature

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.12.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to their large surface-to-volume ratio and low electronic noise, two-dimensional transition metal carbides (Ti₃C₂T_x MXene) and their derived transition metal oxides have demonstrated significant potential for use in high-precision gas sensing. However, the construction of high-sensitivity Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based gas sensors operated at room temperature (RT) is still a major challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a sensitive nanocomposite prepared by uniformly anchoring silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-derived transition metal oxide (TiO₂) nanosheets for high-sensitivity NH₃ detection. AgNPs can not only serve as spacers to effectively prevent the restacking of MXene-derived TiO₂ nanosheets and ensure an effective transmission highway for target gas molecules, but also enhance the sensitivity of the sensor through chemical and electronic sensitization. By integrating the unique merits of the individual components and the synergistic effects of the composites, the optimized Ag@TiO₂ nanocomposite-based sensors revealed an extraordinary response value of 71.8 to 50 ppm NH₃ at RT with a detection limit as low as 5 ppm. In addition, the Ag@TiO₂ NH₃ sensor also exhibits excellent selectivity and outstanding repeatability. This strategy provides an avenue for the development of MXene derivatives for advanced gas sensors.

Key words: Ti₃C₂T_x MXene derivative, TiO₂, Ag nanoparticles, Gas sensor

Jie Wen, Zihao Song, Jiabao Ding, Feihong Wang, Hongpeng Li, Jinyong Xu, Chao Zhang. MXene-derived TiO₂ nanosheets decorated with Ag nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of ammonia at room temperature[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 114: 233-239.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. Synthesis schematic of the Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite.

Fig. 2. TEM images of (a) Ti3C2Tx, (b) Ti3C2Tx-derived TiO2, and (c) Ag5%@TiO2 nanocomposite nanosheets. AFM images and height profiles of (d) Ti3C2Tx, (e) Ti3C2Tx-derived TiO2, and (f) Ag5%@TiO2 nanocomposite nanosheets on a SiO2/Si substrate. (g) HRTEM image of the Ag5%@TiO2 nanocomposite. (h) EDS spectrum and (i) elemental distribution of the Ag5%@TiO2 nanocomposite.

Fig. 3. (a) XRD patterns of the Ti3C2Tx, Ti3C2Tx-derived TiO2, and the Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite. (b) XPS survey spectrum of the Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite. High-resolution XPS spectra of (c) Ti 2p and (d) Ag 3d for the Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite.

Fig. 4. (a) Real-time sensing response of Ti3C2Tx-derived TiO2 and Ag5%@TiO2 gas sensors upon NH3 exposure with concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 ppm. (b) Comparison of gas response as a function of NH3 gas concentrations for Ti3C2Tx-derived TiO2 and the Ag5%@TiO2 sensor. (c) Gas-sensing performance in comparison with other state-of-the-art NH3 sensors. (d) Linear relationship of the logarithm of sensor response (R) and the logarithm of the concentration of NH3 (C) for Ag5%@TiO2 sensors. (e) Response and recovery times calculated for 25 ppm NH3. (f) Cycling performance (repeatability) and (g) long-term stability of the response of the Ag5%@TiO2 gas sensors to 5 ppm NH3. (h) Selectivity test of the Ag5%@TiO2 sensors upon exposure to various gases at 25 ppm. (i) Evolution of responses of Ag@TiO2 sensors to 25 ppm NH3 as a function of RH (30%-90%).

Fig. 5. Enhanced sensing mechanism of the Ag@TiO2 heterostructure. (a) Energy band diagrams and electron transfer of the Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite in air and NH3, exhibiting the change of the depletion layer with the interaction between adsorbed oxygen species and NH3 molecules. (b) Schematic diagrams of the spillover effect of AgNPs.

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MXene-derived TiO₂ nanosheets decorated with Ag nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of ammonia at room temperature

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