J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2022, Vol. 98: 143-150.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.05.009
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Hua-Jun Chena,b, Yan-Ling Yanga,*(
), Xin-Xin Zoua, Xiao-Lei Shic,d, Zhi-Gang Chenc,d,**()
Received:2021-03-15
Revised:2021-04-28
Accepted:2021-05-06
Published:2022-01-30
Online:2022-01-25
Contact:
Yan-Ling Yang,Zhi-Gang Chen
About author:*School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China. yangyanling@sust.edu.cn (Y.-L. Yang)Hua-Jun Chen, Yan-Ling Yang, Xin-Xin Zou, Xiao-Lei Shi, Zhi-Gang Chen. Flexible hollow TiO2@CMS/carbon-fiber van der Waals heterostructures for simulated-solar light photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 98: 143-150.
Fig. 1. Light scattering in photocatalyst with hollow structure and the chloroplast in leaves.
Scheme 1. The sketch of photoelectrocatalytic process of hollow TiO2@CMSs/carbon-fiber vdW heterostructures and separation and transfer mechanism of photo-excited electron/hole.
Fig. 2. Morphology and photocatalysis of hollow TiO2 microspheres. (a-c) TEM analysis of hollow TiO2 microspheres synthesized with the mTi/mC of 5 (a), 10 (b) and 15 (c), respectively. (d) The photocatalytic efficiencies of hollow TiO2 microspheres with different thicknesses. (e) Synthetic process of hollow TiO2 microspheres with different thickness.
Fig. 3. (a) XRD analysis of synthetic products. (b) SEM image of hollow TiO2@CMSs. (c) TEM analysis of hollow TiO2@CMSs. (d) HRTEM analysis of hollow TiO2@CMSs. (e-h) Elemental mapping images of hollow TiO2@CMSs.
Fig. 4. Mechanism of electron delivery in hollow TiO2@CMSs. (a) Top view. (b) Side view. (c) Charge density difference of the hollow TiO2@CMSs. (d) The electron density difference between H2O and anatase TiO2 system. (e) The electron density difference between O2 and carbon shells system, in which green and yellow plot electron depletion zone and enrichment zone, respectively (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.).
Fig. 5. (a) General view of hollow TiO2@CMSs/carbon-fiber vdW heterostructures. (b) Magnified FESEM image of hollow TiO2@CMSs/carbon-fiber vdW heterostructures. (c) The photographs of hollow TiO2@CMSs/carbon-fiber vdW heterostructures in bending states. (d) Graphical description for the assembly process of hollow TiO2@CMSs/carbon-fiber vdW heterostructures.
Fig. 6. The UV-vis DRS (a), photoluminescence spectra (b), and photocurrent (c) of hollow TiO2 microspheres, hollow TiO2@CMSs, and hollow TiO2@CMSs/carbon-fiber vdW heterostructures. The photocurrent under the irradiation of simulated-solar light in 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 electrolyte, counter electrode of Pt wire, 0.2 V of bias voltage vs. SCE, working electrode of 25 mm × 50 mm × 1 mm dimension. (d) The photocatalytic efficiencies of hollow TiO2@CMSs/carbon-fiber vdW heterostructures in the presence of 20 mg∙L-1 2,4-DNP under simulated-solar light. (e) Schematic describing the migration of photo-excited electron/hole in hollow TiO2@CMSs/carbon-fiber vdW heterostructures in photocatalytic reactions.
Fig. 7. (a,b) The photocatalytic performance (a) and degradation kinetics (b) of hollow TiO2@CMSs/carbon-fiber vdW heterostructures for 2,4-DNP in photoelectrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic process. (c) The UV-vis absorption spectra of 2,4-DNP at different photocatalytic time. (d) The photoelectrocatalytic stability of hollow TiO2@CMSs/carbon-fiber vdW heterostructures (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.).
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