Enhancing mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of nickel-aluminum bronze via hot rolling process

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.05.024

Abstract

Abstract:

The mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of as-cast, as-annealed and hot-rolled nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) alloy (Cu-9Al-10Ni-4Fe-1.2 Mn, all in wt.%) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were investigated. The results show that annealing introduces a large number of κ phases to precipitate in the α phase. However, after further hot rolling, the original continuous κ phases are spheroidized and dispersed, increasing the strength, hardness, and elongation of the alloy. In addition to the enhanced mechanical properties, the corrosion resistance of the NAB samples is also improved significantly by hot rolling, as revealed by the mass loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cross-sectional corrosion morphology. Selective phase corrosion occurs by the preferential corrosion of the α phase, which acts as an anode to the κ phases, and the uncorroded κ phases are retained in the corrosion product film. The interfaces between the κ phases and the surrounding corrosion products become discontinuous caused by the spheroidization of κ phases, reducing the corrosion of the substrate by the corrosive medium via the channels. As a result, the corrosion rate and the maximum local corrosion depth of the hot-rolled NAB sample are greatly reduced.

Key words: Nickel-aluminum bronze, Hot rolling, Mass loss, EIS, Selective phase corrosion

Yanhua Zeng, Fenfen Yang, Zongning Chen, Enyu Guo, Minqiang Gao, Xuejian Wang, Huijun Kang, Tongmin Wang. Enhancing mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of nickel-aluminum bronze via hot rolling process[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 61: 186-196.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1. Optical micrographs of the NAB samples: (a) as-cast; (b) as-annealed; (c) the as-annealed NAB sample further held at 850 °C for 220 min; (d) hot-rolled (the rolling direction is as indicated by the arrow).

Fig. 2. SEM images of microstructure of NAB samples: (a) as-cast; (b) as-annealed; (c) hot-rolled.

Fig. 3. TEM images showing the microstructure of NAB samples: (a, b) the bright-field TEM images with SADP inset from κIII and κV precipitates of as-annealed NAB, respectively; (c), (d) and (e) the bright-field TEM images with SADP inset from κIII, κV precipitates, twins of hot-rolled NAB, respectively.

Table 1 Chemical composition (in at.%) measurement by EDS at selected points in Fig. 2.

Sample		Al	Ni	Mn	Fe	Cu
As-cast	Point A	15.37	6.62	1.12	3.29	73.59
	Point B	24.53	14.12	1.06	5.28	55.00
	Point C	32.03	23.99	1.48	8.56	33.94
As-annealed	Point D	13.69	3.76	1.35	2.30	78.89
	Point E	33.63	24.26	1.12	8.89	32.10
	Point F	23.72	15.01	0.84	5.14	55.29
Hot-rolled	Point G	14.63	4.53	1.23	2.88	76.74
	Point H	32.92	23.84	1.38	7.77	34.09
	Point I	29.64	23.14	1.11	7.92	38.20

Fig. 4. (a) Typical stress-strain curves of NAB samples after different processing conditions. (b), (c) and (d) the fractographs of the as-cast, as-annealed, and hot-rolled NAB samples, respectively.

Table 2 Mechanical properties of the NAB samples after different processing conditions.

Sample	σ_b (MPa)	σ_0.2 (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Hardness (HV)
As-cast	585.9 ± 5.7	290.5 ± 2.7	18.6 ± 1.2	176.5 ± 3.7
As-annealed	688.4 ± 6.7	357.6 ± 14.3	11.4 ± 0.7	209.6 ± 3.0
Hot-rolled	882.8 ± 5.5	658.7 ± 4.9	15.2 ± 0.5	264.6 ± 3.1

Fig. 5. (a) Mass loss and (b) corrosion rate of the NAB samples as a function of immersion time in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.

Fig. 6. Nyquist plots for the NAB samples after various periods of immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution: (a) 1 d; (b) 5 d; (c) the equivalent circuit used in the fitting of the impedance data. The insert in (a) shows the details of the curves. The solid curves in (a) and (b) are the fitted results.

Table 3 Equivalent circuit parameters for the NAB samples after 1 day and 5 days immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.

Immersion time	Sample	R_s (Ω cm²)	Q₁ (μF cm^-2 sⁿ^-1)	n₁	R_f (Ω cm²)	Q₂ (μF cm^-2 sⁿ^-1)	n₂	R_ct (Ω cm²)	R_p (Ω cm²)	W_d (×10^-3 S cm^-2 s^1/2)	χ² (×10^-3)
1 day	As-cast	2.0	153	0.92	261	150	0.71	3173	3434	3.5	5.73
	As-annealed	1.9	149	0.94	106	349	0.67	821	927	2.6	6.35
	Hot-rolled	2.2	152	0.82	301	14	0.88	16,200	16,501	0.5	4.33
5 days	As-cast	2.0	124	0.90	796	83	0.58	23,860	24,656	1.1	5.27
	As-annealed	2.3	216	0.95	210	175	0.78	2280	2490	4.1	3.65
	Hot-rolled	2.8	108	0.90	3783	41	0.72	115,900	119,683	1.0	2.33

Fig. 7. XRD patterns of the NAB samples after 30 days of immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.

Fig. 8. Surface morphology evolution of the NAB samples after different periods of immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution: (a1)-(a4) as-cast; (b1)-(b4) as-annealed; (c1)-(c4) hot-rolled.

Fig. 9. Cross section BSE images of the NAB samples after 60 days immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution: (a) as-cast; (b) as-annealed; (c) hot-rolled.

Fig. 10. Schematic diagrams showing the corrosion process of the NAB samples in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution: (a) as-cast; (b) as-annealed; (c) hot-rolled.

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