J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 64-75.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2018.09.001
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Wenhua Xuab, En-Hou Hana*(
), Zhenyu Wanga
Received:2018-03-06
Revised:2018-04-29
Accepted:2018-05-21
Online:2019-01-04
Published:2019-01-15
Contact:
Han En-Hou
Wenhua Xu, En-Hou Han, Zhenyu Wang. Effect of tannic acid on corrosion behavior of carbon steel in NaCl solution[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(1): 64-75.
| C | S | P | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Cu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.150 | 0.012 | 0.024 | 0.180 | 0.440 | <0.030 | <0.030 | <0.030 |
Table 1 Composition (wt%) of Q235 carbon steel.
| C | S | P | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Cu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.150 | 0.012 | 0.024 | 0.180 | 0.440 | <0.030 | <0.030 | <0.030 |
Fig. 1. Molecular structure of tannic acid.
| Concentration (wt%) | Before immersion | After 30?h immersion |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 7.03?±?0.01 | 7.23?±?0.02 |
| 1 | 3.62?±?0.01 | 3.45?±?0.01 |
| 3 | 3.21?±?0.01 | 3.10?±?0.02 |
| 5 | 3.00?±?0.01 | 2.96?±?0.03 |
Table 2 The pH values in solutions with various tannic acid concentrations before and after 30?h immersion.
| Concentration (wt%) | Before immersion | After 30?h immersion |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 7.03?±?0.01 | 7.23?±?0.02 |
| 1 | 3.62?±?0.01 | 3.45?±?0.01 |
| 3 | 3.21?±?0.01 | 3.10?±?0.02 |
| 5 | 3.00?±?0.01 | 2.96?±?0.03 |
| Concentration (wt%) | Average ν (g (m2 h)) | ηw (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.135?±?0.002 | - |
| 1 | 0.159?±?0.002 | -17.2 |
| 3 | 0.081?±?0.008 | 40.3 |
| 5 | 0.066?±?0.005 | 51.5 |
Table 3 Weight loss results in solutions with various tannic acid concentrations after 30?h immersion.
| Concentration (wt%) | Average ν (g (m2 h)) | ηw (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.135?±?0.002 | - |
| 1 | 0.159?±?0.002 | -17.2 |
| 3 | 0.081?±?0.008 | 40.3 |
| 5 | 0.066?±?0.005 | 51.5 |
Fig. 2. SEM images of coupons after 30?h immersion in solutions with tannic acid concentrations of 0% (a, b), 1% (c, d), 3% (e, f) and 5% (g, h).
Fig. 3. Cross-section morphologies of coupons after 30?h immersion in solutions with tannic acid concentrations of 0% (a), 1% (b), 3% (c) and 5% (d).
Fig. 4. Evolution of OCP for coupons with immersion time in solutions with various tannic acid concentrations.
Fig. 5. Polarization curves of coupons in solutions with various tannic acid concentrations after 30?h immersion (E: potential; I: current density).
| Concentration (wt%) | βa (mV/dec) | βc (mV/dec) | Ecorr (mV vs. SCE) | Icorr (μA/cm2) | ν (mm/a) | ηI (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 78.9 | 248.6 | -7.38?×?102 | 15.0 | 0.174 | - |
| 1 | 78.3 | 286.0 | -6.23?×?102 | 17.6 | 0.204 | -17.3 |
| 3 | 62.3 | 199.2 | -6.16?×?102 | 8.90 | 0.110 | 40.7 |
| 5 | 52.7 | 234.4 | -5.87?×?102 | 7.24 | 0.097 | 51.7 |
Table 4 Corrosion parameters obtained from polarization curves for coupons in solutions with various tannic acid concentrations after 30?h immersion.
| Concentration (wt%) | βa (mV/dec) | βc (mV/dec) | Ecorr (mV vs. SCE) | Icorr (μA/cm2) | ν (mm/a) | ηI (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 78.9 | 248.6 | -7.38?×?102 | 15.0 | 0.174 | - |
| 1 | 78.3 | 286.0 | -6.23?×?102 | 17.6 | 0.204 | -17.3 |
| 3 | 62.3 | 199.2 | -6.16?×?102 | 8.90 | 0.110 | 40.7 |
| 5 | 52.7 | 234.4 | -5.87?×?102 | 7.24 | 0.097 | 51.7 |
Fig. 6. Evolution of Nyquist plots (a, c, e, g) and Bode plots (b, d, f, h) of coupons in solutions with tannic acid concentrations of 0% (a, b), 1% (c, d), 3% (e, f) and 5% (g, h).
Fig. 7. Equivalent circuit used to fit EIS data of coupons in solutions with various tannic acid concentrations without (a) and with (b) an inductive loop.
| Concentration (wt%) | Immersion time (h) | Rs (Ω cm2) | Ydl (Sn/(Ω ?cm2)) | ndl | ?max (Hz) | Cdl (F/cm2) | Rct (Ω cm2) | RL (Ω cm2) | L (H) | Chsq | ηZ (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2 | 10.3 | 4.74?×?10-4 | 0.756 | 0.269 | 3.23?×?10-4 | 1.86?×?103 | 3.29?×?10-3 | |||
| 4 | 10.4 | 4.64?×?10-4 | 0.766 | 0.269 | 3.28?×?10-4 | 1.84?×?103 | 2.80?×?10-3 | ||||
| 6 | 10.5 | 4.98?×?10-4 | 0.767 | 0.194 | 4.91?×?10-4 | 1.82?×?103 | 3.54?×?10-3 | ||||
| 8 | 10.5 | 5.13?×?10-4 | 0.777 | 0.269 | 4.23?×?10-4 | 1.40?×?103 | 1.36?×?10-4 | ||||
| 18 | 10.5 | 4.63?×?10-4 | 0.747 | 0.269 | 4.03?×?10-4 | 1.47?×?103 | 1.82?×?10-4 | ||||
| 25 | 9.65 | 4.22?×?10-4 | 0.744 | 0.375 | 3.50?×?10-4 | 1.26?×?103 | 6.22?×?10-4 | ||||
| 30 | 9.48 | 2.98?×?10-4 | 0.766 | 0.721 | 2.90?×?10-4 | 7.63?×?102 | 2.84?×?102 | 6.74?×?102 | 1.91?×?10-3 | ||
| 1 | 2 | 8.73 | 2.51?×?10-4 | 0.732 | 0.999 | 2.96?×?10-4 | 5.39?×?102 | 3.82?×?102 | 1.05?×?103 | 1.02?×?10-3 | -245 |
| 4 | 8.74 | 2.89?×?10-4 | 0.733 | 0.999 | 2.99?×?10-4 | 5.33?×?102 | 2.76?×?102 | 7.62?×?102 | 1.22?×?10-3 | -245 | |
| 6 | 8.85 | 3.10?×?10-4 | 0.732 | 0.999 | 3.14?×?10-4 | 5.08?×?102 | 2.49?×?102 | 6.25?×?102 | 1.02?×?10-3 | -258 | |
| 8 | 9.01 | 3.10?×?10-4 | 0.734 | 0.999 | 3.18?×?10-4 | 5.01?×?102 | 2.35?×?102 | 4.94?×?102 | 1.01?×?10-3 | -179 | |
| 18 | 10.9 | 2.93?×?10-4 | 0.744 | 0.999 | 2.42?×?10-4 | 6.57?×?102 | 3.25?×?102 | 8.99?×?102 | 6.42?×?10-4 | -124 | |
| 25 | 12.0 | 3.45?×?10-4 | 0.738 | 0.999 | 2.66?×?10-4 | 5.99?×?102 | 2.38?×?102 | 5.92?×?102 | 4.64?×?10-4 | -110 | |
| 30 | 13.8 | 3.62?×?10-4 | 0.734 | 0.999 | 2.45?×?10-4 | 6.52?×?102 | 2.20?×?102 | 5.55?×?102 | 4.41?×?10-4 | -17.0 | |
| 3 | 2 | 7.82 | 9.79?×?10-5 | 0.812 | 2.70 | 7.40?×?10-5 | 7.97?×?102 | 2.10?×?102 | 5.63?×?102 | 5.62?×?10-4 | -133 |
| 4 | 8.08 | 5.53?×?10-5 | 0.886 | 3.76 | 4.03?×?10-5 | 1.05?×?103 | 1.64?×?102 | 2.30?×?102 | 3.88?×?10-4 | -75.2 | |
| 6 | 8.19 | 4.39?×?10-5 | 0.890 | 3.76 | 3.40?×?10-5 | 1.25?×?103 | 1.85?×?102 | 4.44?×?102 | 2.60?×?10-4 | -45.6 | |
| 8 | 8.17 | 3.95?×?10-5 | 0.901 | 2.70 | 4.04?×?10-5 | 1.46?×?103 | 1.93?×?102 | 4.90?×?102 | 2.50?×?10-4 | 4.11 | |
| 18 | 8.16 | 4.28?×?10-5 | 0.902 | 2.70 | 3.81?×?10-5 | 1.55?×?103 | 2.40?×?102 | 1.66?×?102 | 1.64?×?10-4 | 5.16 | |
| 25 | 8.09 | 4.85?×?10-5 | 0.886 | 2.70 | 4.07?×?10-5 | 1.45?×?103 | 2.41?×?102 | 1.98?×?102 | 8.78?×?10-4 | 13.1 | |
| 30 | 8.01 | 5.23?×?10-5 | 0.877 | 2.70 | 4.57?×?10-5 | 1.29?×?103 | 2.30?×?102 | 1.70?×?102 | 1.29?×?10-3 | 40.9 | |
| 5 | 2 | 10.8 | 2.36?×?10-5 | 0.904 | 5.11 | 1.76?×?10-5 | 1.77?×?103 | 2.25?×?102 | 1.32?×?103 | 3.42?×?10-4 | -5.08 |
| 4 | 10.8 | 2.35?×?10-5 | 0.907 | 3.76 | 2.21?×?10-5 | 1.92?×?103 | 1.44?×?102 | 1.33?×?103 | 3.13?×?10-4 | 4.17 | |
| 6 | 10.9 | 2.43?×?10-5 | 0.905 | 3.76 | 2.10?×?10-5 | 2.02?×?103 | 1.82?×?101 | 3.18?×?101 | 2.58?×?10-4 | 9.90 | |
| 8 | 10.8 | 2.54?×?10-5 | 0.901 | 3.76 | 2.07?×?10-5 | 2.04?×?103 | 1.59?×?101 | 1.23?×?101 | 2.64?×?10-4 | 31.4 | |
| 18 | 11.0 | 3.34?×?10-5 | 0.875 | 3.76 | 2.25?×?10-5 | 1.89?×?103 | 1.93?×?102 | 1.12?×?102 | 9.07?×?10-4 | 22.2 | |
| 25 | 10.5 | 4.09?×?10-5 | 0.852 | 3.76 | 2.58?×?10-5 | 1.64?×?103 | 3.05?×?102 | 1.55?×?102 | 1.41?×?10-3 | 23.2 | |
| 30 | 10.5 | 4.57?×?10-5 | 0.840 | 3.76 | 2.68?×?10-5 | 1.58?×?103 | 3.63?×?102 | 1.69?×?102 | 1.48?×?10-3 | 51.7 |
Table 5 Impedance data for coupons in solutions containing various tannic acid concentrations.
| Concentration (wt%) | Immersion time (h) | Rs (Ω cm2) | Ydl (Sn/(Ω ?cm2)) | ndl | ?max (Hz) | Cdl (F/cm2) | Rct (Ω cm2) | RL (Ω cm2) | L (H) | Chsq | ηZ (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2 | 10.3 | 4.74?×?10-4 | 0.756 | 0.269 | 3.23?×?10-4 | 1.86?×?103 | 3.29?×?10-3 | |||
| 4 | 10.4 | 4.64?×?10-4 | 0.766 | 0.269 | 3.28?×?10-4 | 1.84?×?103 | 2.80?×?10-3 | ||||
| 6 | 10.5 | 4.98?×?10-4 | 0.767 | 0.194 | 4.91?×?10-4 | 1.82?×?103 | 3.54?×?10-3 | ||||
| 8 | 10.5 | 5.13?×?10-4 | 0.777 | 0.269 | 4.23?×?10-4 | 1.40?×?103 | 1.36?×?10-4 | ||||
| 18 | 10.5 | 4.63?×?10-4 | 0.747 | 0.269 | 4.03?×?10-4 | 1.47?×?103 | 1.82?×?10-4 | ||||
| 25 | 9.65 | 4.22?×?10-4 | 0.744 | 0.375 | 3.50?×?10-4 | 1.26?×?103 | 6.22?×?10-4 | ||||
| 30 | 9.48 | 2.98?×?10-4 | 0.766 | 0.721 | 2.90?×?10-4 | 7.63?×?102 | 2.84?×?102 | 6.74?×?102 | 1.91?×?10-3 | ||
| 1 | 2 | 8.73 | 2.51?×?10-4 | 0.732 | 0.999 | 2.96?×?10-4 | 5.39?×?102 | 3.82?×?102 | 1.05?×?103 | 1.02?×?10-3 | -245 |
| 4 | 8.74 | 2.89?×?10-4 | 0.733 | 0.999 | 2.99?×?10-4 | 5.33?×?102 | 2.76?×?102 | 7.62?×?102 | 1.22?×?10-3 | -245 | |
| 6 | 8.85 | 3.10?×?10-4 | 0.732 | 0.999 | 3.14?×?10-4 | 5.08?×?102 | 2.49?×?102 | 6.25?×?102 | 1.02?×?10-3 | -258 | |
| 8 | 9.01 | 3.10?×?10-4 | 0.734 | 0.999 | 3.18?×?10-4 | 5.01?×?102 | 2.35?×?102 | 4.94?×?102 | 1.01?×?10-3 | -179 | |
| 18 | 10.9 | 2.93?×?10-4 | 0.744 | 0.999 | 2.42?×?10-4 | 6.57?×?102 | 3.25?×?102 | 8.99?×?102 | 6.42?×?10-4 | -124 | |
| 25 | 12.0 | 3.45?×?10-4 | 0.738 | 0.999 | 2.66?×?10-4 | 5.99?×?102 | 2.38?×?102 | 5.92?×?102 | 4.64?×?10-4 | -110 | |
| 30 | 13.8 | 3.62?×?10-4 | 0.734 | 0.999 | 2.45?×?10-4 | 6.52?×?102 | 2.20?×?102 | 5.55?×?102 | 4.41?×?10-4 | -17.0 | |
| 3 | 2 | 7.82 | 9.79?×?10-5 | 0.812 | 2.70 | 7.40?×?10-5 | 7.97?×?102 | 2.10?×?102 | 5.63?×?102 | 5.62?×?10-4 | -133 |
| 4 | 8.08 | 5.53?×?10-5 | 0.886 | 3.76 | 4.03?×?10-5 | 1.05?×?103 | 1.64?×?102 | 2.30?×?102 | 3.88?×?10-4 | -75.2 | |
| 6 | 8.19 | 4.39?×?10-5 | 0.890 | 3.76 | 3.40?×?10-5 | 1.25?×?103 | 1.85?×?102 | 4.44?×?102 | 2.60?×?10-4 | -45.6 | |
| 8 | 8.17 | 3.95?×?10-5 | 0.901 | 2.70 | 4.04?×?10-5 | 1.46?×?103 | 1.93?×?102 | 4.90?×?102 | 2.50?×?10-4 | 4.11 | |
| 18 | 8.16 | 4.28?×?10-5 | 0.902 | 2.70 | 3.81?×?10-5 | 1.55?×?103 | 2.40?×?102 | 1.66?×?102 | 1.64?×?10-4 | 5.16 | |
| 25 | 8.09 | 4.85?×?10-5 | 0.886 | 2.70 | 4.07?×?10-5 | 1.45?×?103 | 2.41?×?102 | 1.98?×?102 | 8.78?×?10-4 | 13.1 | |
| 30 | 8.01 | 5.23?×?10-5 | 0.877 | 2.70 | 4.57?×?10-5 | 1.29?×?103 | 2.30?×?102 | 1.70?×?102 | 1.29?×?10-3 | 40.9 | |
| 5 | 2 | 10.8 | 2.36?×?10-5 | 0.904 | 5.11 | 1.76?×?10-5 | 1.77?×?103 | 2.25?×?102 | 1.32?×?103 | 3.42?×?10-4 | -5.08 |
| 4 | 10.8 | 2.35?×?10-5 | 0.907 | 3.76 | 2.21?×?10-5 | 1.92?×?103 | 1.44?×?102 | 1.33?×?103 | 3.13?×?10-4 | 4.17 | |
| 6 | 10.9 | 2.43?×?10-5 | 0.905 | 3.76 | 2.10?×?10-5 | 2.02?×?103 | 1.82?×?101 | 3.18?×?101 | 2.58?×?10-4 | 9.90 | |
| 8 | 10.8 | 2.54?×?10-5 | 0.901 | 3.76 | 2.07?×?10-5 | 2.04?×?103 | 1.59?×?101 | 1.23?×?101 | 2.64?×?10-4 | 31.4 | |
| 18 | 11.0 | 3.34?×?10-5 | 0.875 | 3.76 | 2.25?×?10-5 | 1.89?×?103 | 1.93?×?102 | 1.12?×?102 | 9.07?×?10-4 | 22.2 | |
| 25 | 10.5 | 4.09?×?10-5 | 0.852 | 3.76 | 2.58?×?10-5 | 1.64?×?103 | 3.05?×?102 | 1.55?×?102 | 1.41?×?10-3 | 23.2 | |
| 30 | 10.5 | 4.57?×?10-5 | 0.840 | 3.76 | 2.68?×?10-5 | 1.58?×?103 | 3.63?×?102 | 1.69?×?102 | 1.48?×?10-3 | 51.7 |
Fig. 8. Variation of L (a), Cdl (b), and 1/Rp (c) with immersion time for coupons in solutions with various tannic acid concentrations (values from Table 5).
| Concentration (wt%) | ηw (%) | ηI (%) | ηZ (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | - | - | - |
| 1 | -17.2 | -17.3 | -17.0 |
| 3 | 40.3 | 40.7 | 40.9 |
| 5 | 51.5 | 51.7 | 51.7 |
Table 6 Inhibitive efficiencies obtained by weight loss measurements, polarization and EIS.
| Concentration (wt%) | ηw (%) | ηI (%) | ηZ (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | - | - | - |
| 1 | -17.2 | -17.3 | -17.0 |
| 3 | 40.3 | 40.7 | 40.9 |
| 5 | 51.5 | 51.7 | 51.7 |
Fig. 9. Corrosion micrographs (a, c, e, g) and current density distributions (b, d, f, h) of coupons in SVET measurements in different solutions after 8?h immersion for S0 (a, b), S1 (c, d), S2 (e, f) and S3 (g, h).
Fig. 10. Raman spectrums of coupons before and after 2?h immersion in solutions with various tannic acid concentrations.
Fig. 11. XPS survey spectra with different sputtering times (a, c), elemental depth profiles (b, d), and atomic ratio of O/Fe (e) of film on coupons in S1 (a, b) and S3 (c, d).
Fig. 12. XPS high-resolution spectra of Fe2p (a), O1s (b), and C1s (c) of corrosion products on coupons in S1 and S3.
Fig. 13. Schematic illustration of corrosion process of carbon steel in corrosive solution with tannic acid.
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