J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 66: 202-212.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.03.080
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Durga Bhakta Pokharela,b, Liping Wua, Junhua Donga,b,*(
), Xin Weia, Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etima,c, Dhruba Babu Subedia,b, Aniefiok Joseph Umoha,b, Wei Kea
Received:2019-11-11
Revised:2020-03-17
Accepted:2020-03-30
Published:2021-03-10
Online:2021-04-01
Contact:
Junhua Dong
About author:* Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.E-mail address: jhdong@imr.ac.cn (J. Dong).Durga Bhakta Pokharel, Liping Wu, Junhua Dong, Xin Wei, Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim, Dhruba Babu Subedi, Aniefiok Joseph Umoh, Wei Ke. Effect of D-fructose on the in-vitro corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 66: 202-212.
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of In-situ Laser Raman Spectrum measurement during the potentiostatic polarization.
Fig. 2. Surface morphology of the AZ31 Mg alloy immersed in solution A (a)-(e) and solution B (f)-(j) and corresponding EDS for different time intervals: 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Images (a'), (a”)-(e') and (f'), (f”)-(j') are the EDS results of the corresponding SEM images, respectively.
Fig. 3. Cross- section morphology of the AZ31 Mg alloy immersed in the solution A (a)-(e) and solution B (f)-(j) for different time intervals: 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days.
Fig. 4. FTIR spectra of the AZ31 Mg alloy immersed in solutions A and B for 28 days.
Fig. 5. Typical XPS deconvoluted spectra of surface film for the AZ31 Mg alloy immersed in solution A (a)-(e) and solution B (f)-(j) for 28 days: (a) Mg-1 s, (b) O-1p and (c) Ca-2p, (d) P-2p and (e) C-1 s and solution B (f) Mg-1 s, (g) O-1p and (h) Ca-2p and (i) P-2p and (j) C-1 s, respectively.
Fig. 6. XRD patterns of the AZ31 Mg alloy immersed in solutions A and B for 28 days.
Fig. 7. Curves of volume of hydrogen released (a) and corresponding hydrogen evolution rate (HER) (b) in solutions A and B as function of immersion time.
Fig. 8. Potentiodynamic polarization curves of the AZ31 Mg alloy after immersion in the solutions A and B for 28 days.
Fig. 9. Comparison of total current density (a), volume of hydrogen (b), Hydrogen release corresponds to current density-time curve (c), Mg dissolution during the anodic polarization for 22 h in solutions A and B (d), and corresponding In-situ Raman spectra after 22 h of potentiostatic polaraizaton with the anodic potential of -1.35 V (e).
Fig. 10. Electrochemical impedance spectra of the AZ31 Mg alloy in solutions A and B. (a) and (c) Bode plots, (b) and (d) Phase angle for solution A and B, respectively.
Fig. 11. Equivalent circuits of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra.
| Time (days) | YHFs (S sn cm-2) | ns | RS (Ω cm2) | Y0-H (S sn cm-2) | nH | RH (Ω cm2) | Y0-F (S sn cm-2) | nF | RF (Ω cm2) | Y0-dl (S sn cm-2) | ndl | Rct (Ω cm2) | RL (Ω cm2) | L (Ω cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.94×10-6 | 0.668 | 28.1 | 6.57×10-6 | 0.807 | 265 | 5.95×10-6 | 0.755 | 482.1 | 7.05×10-6 | 0.801 | 801.2 | 553 | 3.2×104 |
| 3 | 6.14×10-6 | 0.726 | 27.7 | 6.31×10-6 | 0.871 | 558.9 | 5.38×10-6 | 0.897 | 501 | 6.31×10-6 | 0.887 | 1138 | 625 | 5.0×104 |
| 7 | 6.02×10-6 | 0.763 | 30 | 6.85×10-6 | 0.887 | 818.9 | 4.74×10-6 | 0.860 | 1116.6 | 6.17×10-6 | 0.852 | 1901.2 | - | - |
| 14 | 5.18×10-6 | 0.804 | 70.1 | 5.88×10-6 | 0.830 | 1230.2 | 3.31×10-6 | 0.892 | 1773.2 | 5.35×10-6 | 0.911 | 3245.3 | - | - |
| 28 | 4.56×10-6 | 0.744 | 34.6 | 3.33×10-6 | 0.706 | 1781.4 | 1.56×10-6 | 0.845 | 2201.5 | 4.57×10-6 | 0.899 | 4895.6 | - | - |
Table 1 Fitting results of the EIS data for solution A.
| Time (days) | YHFs (S sn cm-2) | ns | RS (Ω cm2) | Y0-H (S sn cm-2) | nH | RH (Ω cm2) | Y0-F (S sn cm-2) | nF | RF (Ω cm2) | Y0-dl (S sn cm-2) | ndl | Rct (Ω cm2) | RL (Ω cm2) | L (Ω cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.94×10-6 | 0.668 | 28.1 | 6.57×10-6 | 0.807 | 265 | 5.95×10-6 | 0.755 | 482.1 | 7.05×10-6 | 0.801 | 801.2 | 553 | 3.2×104 |
| 3 | 6.14×10-6 | 0.726 | 27.7 | 6.31×10-6 | 0.871 | 558.9 | 5.38×10-6 | 0.897 | 501 | 6.31×10-6 | 0.887 | 1138 | 625 | 5.0×104 |
| 7 | 6.02×10-6 | 0.763 | 30 | 6.85×10-6 | 0.887 | 818.9 | 4.74×10-6 | 0.860 | 1116.6 | 6.17×10-6 | 0.852 | 1901.2 | - | - |
| 14 | 5.18×10-6 | 0.804 | 70.1 | 5.88×10-6 | 0.830 | 1230.2 | 3.31×10-6 | 0.892 | 1773.2 | 5.35×10-6 | 0.911 | 3245.3 | - | - |
| 28 | 4.56×10-6 | 0.744 | 34.6 | 3.33×10-6 | 0.706 | 1781.4 | 1.56×10-6 | 0.845 | 2201.5 | 4.57×10-6 | 0.899 | 4895.6 | - | - |
| Time (days) | YHFs (S sn cm-2) | ns | RS (Ω cm2) | Y0-H (S sn cm-2) | nH | RH (Ω cm2) | Y0-F (S sn cm-2) | nF | RF (Ω cm2) | Y0-dl (S sn cm-2) | ndl | Rct (Ω cm2) | RL (Ω cm2) | L (Ω cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.79×10-6 | 0.707 | 29.1 | 8.77×10-6 | 0.788 | 259.4 | 6.99×10-6 | 0.735 | 381 | 7.13×10-6 | 0.815 | 523 | 401 | 2.2×104 |
| 3 | 8.57×10-6 | 0.793 | 31.1 | 7.75×10-6 | 0.791 | 532.1 | 4.63×10-6 | 0.812 | 454 | 6.84×10-6 | 0.830 | 930.1 | 512.2 | 1.3×104 |
| 7 | 7.60×10-6 | 0.843 | 30.5 | 6.34×10-6 | 0.866 | 735.4 | 4.92×10-6 | 0.825 | 998.5 | 5.31×10-6 | 0.851 | 1420.5 | - | - |
| 14 | 3.10×10-6 | 0.896 | 77.1 | 5.56×10-6 | 0.874 | 960.2 | 3.12×10-6 | 0.858 | 1470.5 | 4.99×10-6 | 0.887 | 2990.3 | - | - |
| 28 | 2.76×10-6 | 0.819 | 40 .3 | 4.17×10-6 | 0.867 | 1615.3 | 2.69×10-6 | 0.836 | 1869 | 4.15×10-6 | 0.828 | 3115.7 | - | - |
Table 2 Fitting results of the EIS data for solution B.
| Time (days) | YHFs (S sn cm-2) | ns | RS (Ω cm2) | Y0-H (S sn cm-2) | nH | RH (Ω cm2) | Y0-F (S sn cm-2) | nF | RF (Ω cm2) | Y0-dl (S sn cm-2) | ndl | Rct (Ω cm2) | RL (Ω cm2) | L (Ω cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.79×10-6 | 0.707 | 29.1 | 8.77×10-6 | 0.788 | 259.4 | 6.99×10-6 | 0.735 | 381 | 7.13×10-6 | 0.815 | 523 | 401 | 2.2×104 |
| 3 | 8.57×10-6 | 0.793 | 31.1 | 7.75×10-6 | 0.791 | 532.1 | 4.63×10-6 | 0.812 | 454 | 6.84×10-6 | 0.830 | 930.1 | 512.2 | 1.3×104 |
| 7 | 7.60×10-6 | 0.843 | 30.5 | 6.34×10-6 | 0.866 | 735.4 | 4.92×10-6 | 0.825 | 998.5 | 5.31×10-6 | 0.851 | 1420.5 | - | - |
| 14 | 3.10×10-6 | 0.896 | 77.1 | 5.56×10-6 | 0.874 | 960.2 | 3.12×10-6 | 0.858 | 1470.5 | 4.99×10-6 | 0.887 | 2990.3 | - | - |
| 28 | 2.76×10-6 | 0.819 | 40 .3 | 4.17×10-6 | 0.867 | 1615.3 | 2.69×10-6 | 0.836 | 1869 | 4.15×10-6 | 0.828 | 3115.7 | - | - |
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