Effect of Primary and Eutectic Mg2Si Crystal Modifications on the Mechanical Properties and Sliding Wear Behaviour of an Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu-xBi Composite

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2016.01.014

Abstract

Abstract:

This work investigated the microstructure evolution, tensile, impact, hardness, and sliding wear properties of an Al-20Mg₂Si-2Cu in situ composite treated with different Bi contents. The desired modification of primary Mg₂Si particles was achieved with the addition of 0.4 wt% Bi. Increasing Bi beyond 0.4 wt% resulted in a loss of modification, possibly due to the formation of Al₈MgBiSi₄ compound before the precipitation of the primary Mg₂Si. Additionally, the structure of the pseudo-eutectic Mg₂Si was transformed from plate to fibrous, which was consistent with decrease of growth temperature extracted from the cooling curve thermal analysis. Addition of Bi had an effect on the morphology of Al₅FeSi (β), Al₂Cu (θ) and Al₅Cu₂Mg₈Si₆ (Q) intermetallic compounds. The tensile strength, elongation percentage, impact toughness, and hardness increased by 6%, 13%, 75%, and 23%, respectively, due to modification of both the primary and eutectic Mg₂Si crystals. The tensile and impact fracture surfaces showed fewer decohered particles in the Bi-treated composite. The enhancement in wear resistance of the Bi-treated composite could be attributed to solid lubricant function of insoluble soft Bi phase and modification effects on Mg₂Si particles.

Key words: Al-Mg2Si, Composite, Modification, Bismuth, Mechanical properties, Wear

Farahany Saeed,Ghandvar Hamidreza,Azmah Nordin Nur,Ourdjini Ali,Hasbullah Idris Mohd. Effect of Primary and Eutectic Mg₂Si Crystal Modifications on the Mechanical Properties and Sliding Wear Behaviour of an Al-20Mg₂Si-2Cu-xBi Composite[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32(11): 1083-1097.

Figures/Tables 18

Table 1. Chemical compositions of Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu composites (wt%)

Alloy	Si	Fe	Cu	Mn	Mg	Cr	Ni	Zn	Ti	Pb	Bi	Al
B00	7.07	0.64	2.034	0.217	12.710	0.024	0.003	0.614	0.001	0.002	0.000	Bal.
B02	7.10	0.60	2.112	0.210	12.500	0.018	0.003	0.650	0.001	0.002	0.182	Bal.
B04	7.03	0.68	1.852	0.212	13.127	0.019	0.003	0.594	0.001	0.001	0.387	Bal.
B06	6.98	0.61	2.015	0.205	12.680	0.020	0.003	0.640	0.001	0.001	0.570	Bal.
B08	7.06	0.58	1.967	0.212	12.853	0.025	0.003	0.611	0.001	0.002	0.792	Bal.

Fig. 1. (a) Permanent mould for tensile test samples and (b) casting mould for impact test specimen with corresponding dimensions according to standard.

Fig. 2. Optical micrographs showing the microstructure evolutions of primary Mg2Si (a1-a5), pseudo-eutectic Mg2Si (b1-b5), Al5FeSi (β) and Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 (Q) + Al2Cu(θ) (c1-c5) in Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu MMC containing different Bi contents (numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 correspond to 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 wt% Bi, respectively).

Fig. 3. Comparison of size, density and aspect ratio of primary Mg2Si particles in Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu MMC containing different Bi contents.

Fig. 4. (a) BSE micrograph and corresponding elemental mapping analysis and (b) EDS spectrum of white particle in Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu composite containing 0.4 wt% Bi.

Fig. 5. Deep-etched BSE micrographs of pseudo-eutectic Al-Mg2Si for the Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu MMC containing 0 wt% (a), 0.2 wt% (b), 0.4 wt% (c), and 0.8 wt% (d) Bi.

Fig. 6. Depression of eutectic Al-Mg2Si reaction area for Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu MMCs with increase of Bi content.

Fig. 7. SEM images and corresponding EDS spectra for β-Al5FeSi (a) and α-Al15 (Fe, Mn)3Si2 intermetallics (b).

Fig. 8. Rod-like Bi-compound observed for higher amount of Bi addition (a) with corresponding EDS spectrum (b).

Fig. 9. (a) Engineering stress versus elongation of the Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu MMCs containing different Bi contents and (b) variations of UTS and El values as a function of Bi content.

Fig. 10. Variations of impact toughness (a) and Vicker’s hardness values of Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu MMCs as a function of Bi content (b).

Fig. 11. (a) Cross section of fractured surfaces of MMCs with 0.4 wt% Bi stopped just before failure showing fracture mechanism, (b) fracture initiated from pores in MMC with 0.6 wt% Bi, and (c) gas porosity showing Mg2Si particle protrusions from cavity in MMC with 0.8 wt% Bi.

Fig. 12. SEM fractographs of Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu MMC tensile samples with different additions of Bi in low (left) and higher (right) magnifications: (a, b) 0 wt%, (c, d) 0.4 wt% and (e, f) 0.8 wt%.

Fig. 13. SEM fractographs of Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu MMC impact samples with different additions of Bi in low (left) and higher (right) magnifications: (a, b) 0 wt% and (c, d) 0.4 wt%.

Fig. 14. Wear weight loss versus sliding distance for Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu MMCs with varying contents of Bi under (a) 5 N and (b) 20 N.

Fig. 15. Wear rates of MMCs versus varying content of Bi under 5 and 20 N.

Fig. 16. Change in the coefficient of friction versus sliding distance for MMCs with 0 wt% Bi (a, b), 0.4 wt% Bi (c, d), and 0.8 wt% Bi (e, f) under 5 N (left) and 20 N (right).

Fig. 17. Comparison of FESEM images for MMCs with 0 wt% Bi (a, b), 0.4 wt% Bi (c, d), and 0.8 wt% Bi (e, f) under 5 N (left) and 20 N (right).

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Effect of Primary and Eutectic Mg₂Si Crystal Modifications on the Mechanical Properties and Sliding Wear Behaviour of an Al-20Mg₂Si-2Cu-xBi Composite

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