Texture evolution and slip mode of a Ti-5.5Mo-7.2Al-4.5Zr-2.6Sn-2.1Cr dual-phase alloy during cold rolling based on multiscale crystal plasticity finite element model

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.030

Abstract

Abstract:

The complex micromechanical response among grains remains a persistent challenge to understand the deformation mechanism of titanium alloys during cold rolling. Therefore, in this work, a multiscale crystal plasticity finite element method of dual-phase alloy was proposed and secondarily developed based on LS-DYNA software. Afterward, the texture evolution and slip mode of a Ti-5.5Mo-7.2Al-4.5Zr-2.6Sn-2.1Cr alloy, based on the realistic 3D microstructure, during cold rolling (20% thickness reduction) were systematically investigated. The relative activity of the <$11 \bar{2} 0$>{0001} slip system in the α phase gradually increased, and then served as the main slip mode at lower Schmid factor (<0.2). In contrast, the contribution of the <$11\bar{2}3$>{$10 \bar{1} 1$ } slip system to the overall plastic deformation was relatively limited. For the β phase, the relative activity of the <111>{110} slip system showed an upward tendency, indicating the important role of the critical resolved shear stress relationship in the relative activity evolutions. Furthermore, the abnormally high strain of very few β grains was found, which was attributed to their severe rotations compelled by the neighboring pre-deformed α grains. The calculated pole figures, rotation axes, and compelled rotation behavior exhibited good agreement to the experimental results.

Key words: Titanium alloy, Multiscale crystal plasticity finite element model, Texture evolution, Slip mode

Duoduo Wang, Qunbo Fan, Xingwang Cheng, Yu Zhou, Ran Shi, Yan Qian, Le Wang, Xinjie Zhu, Haichao Gong, Kai Chen, Jingjiu Yuan, Liu Yang. Texture evolution and slip mode of a Ti-5.5Mo-7.2Al-4.5Zr-2.6Sn-2.1Cr dual-phase alloy during cold rolling based on multiscale crystal plasticity finite element model[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 111: 76-87.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig. 1. Fitted constitution relations: (a) schematic of the HEXRD, (b) applied macroscopic stress-strain curve obtained by HEXRD and constitutive relations of the α and β phases fitted by EPSC, and responses of lattice strains to the applied stress for ($10 \bar{1} 0$) and ($10 \bar{1} 1$) reflections (c), ($10 \bar{1} 2$) and ($11 \bar{2} 0$) reflections (d), (200), (211), and (310) reflections (e).

Table 1. Fitted single-crystal non-zero independent elastic constants Cij of the α and β phases.

C_ij (GPa)	C₁₁	C₁₂	C₁₃	C₃₃	C₄₄
α phase	160	86	55	183	54
β phase	130.2	70.6			45.8

Table 2. CRSSs and Vocé hardening parameters of each slip system used in the EPSC framework.

Empty Cell	Slip systems	CRSS (GPa)	τ₁ (GPa)	θ₀ (GPa)	θ₁ (GPa)
α phase	<$11\bar{2}0$> {0001}	0.36	0.13	0.115	0.0021
	<$11\bar{2}0$> {$10\bar{1}0$}	0.38
	<$11\bar{2}0$> {$10\bar{1}1$}	0.50
	<$11\bar{2}3$> {$10\bar{1}1$}	0.52
β phase	<111> {110}	0.45	0.13	0.105	0.0016
	<111> {112}	0.46
	<111> {123}	0.47

Fig. 2. Macro-micro multiscale simulation approach during cold rolling.

Table 3. Material parameters of the isotropic elastic-plastic constitutive model.

Empty Cell	ρ (g/cm³)	ν	E (GPa)	σ_y (MPa)	G (GPa)
α phase	4.4	0.32	134.1	990	0.06
β phase	5.2	0.318	91.3	1020	0.68

Fig. 3. Initial microstructural characteristics via EBSD: crystalline orientation maps of the α phase (a) and β phase (b), histograms of grain size distribution as inset respectively, and texture pole figures for: (c) {0001}, {$10\bar{1}0$}, and {$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$} α phase, (d) {001}, {011}, and {111} β phase (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).

Fig. 4. The first principal stress vectors of the ROI and the corresponding schematics at different times (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).

Fig. 5. 3D morphologies, effective stress contours, and effective strain contours at different times: (a) t/4, (b) t/2, (c) 3t/4, and (d) t (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).

Fig. 6. Rolled texture pole figures by CPFEM: (a) {0001}, {$102\bar{1}0$}, and {$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$} for the α phase, (b) {001}, {011}, and {111} for the β phase (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).

Fig. 7. Cold-rolled microstructural characteristics via EBSD: crystalline orientation maps of the α phase (a) and β phase (c), histogram of grain size distribution as inset respectively, and texture pole figures for: (b) {0001}, {$10\bar{1}0$}, and {$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$} α phase, (d) {001}, {011}, and {111} β phase (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).

Fig. 8. Misorientation distributions and the grain shapes in the microstructures: (a) initial, (b) cold-rolled.

Fig. 9. The relative activity of representative texture components in each slip system for the α phase and the statistics of the Schmid factors at t/4: the relative activities for <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$>{0001} system (a), <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$>{$10\bar{1}0$} system (b), <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$>{$10\bar{1}1$} system (c), <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}3$>{$10\bar{1}1$} system (d), and histogram of the Schmid factors (e) (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).

Fig. 10. Relative activity of representative texture components in each slip system for the α phase and the statistics of the Schmid factors at t/2: the relative activities for <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$>{0001} system (a), <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$>{$10\bar{1}0$} system (b), <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$>{$10\bar{1}1$} system (c), <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}3$>{$10\bar{1}1$} system (d), and histogram of the Schmid factors (e).

Fig. 11. Relative activity of representative texture components in each slip system for the α phase and the statistics of the Schmid factors at 3t/4: the relative activities for <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$>{0001} system (a), <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$>{$10\bar{1}0$} system (b), <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}0$>{$10\bar{1}1$} system (c), <$\bar{1}2\bar{1}3$>{$10\bar{1}1$} system (d), and histogram of the Schmid factors (e) (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).

Fig. 12. Relative activity of representative texture components in each slip system for the β phase and the statistics of the Schmid factors at different times: (a) t/4, (b) 3t/4, and (c) t.

Fig. 13. Interaction of three typical grains at different times: effective stress contours (a) and slip system activations for (270,53,45)α (b), (317,74,45)β (c), and (54,52,80)β (d) (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).

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