A new understanding of the effect of Cr on the corrosion resistance evolution of weathering steel based on big data technology

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.05.086

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, we studied the effect of Cr element on the corrosion resistance evolution of weathering steel based on corrosion big data technology. It suggested that corrosion big data technology is suitable for evaluation of the effect of microalloying Cr element on the corrosion evolution behavior of weathering steel. New understandings prove that the effect of Cr on the corrosion process is dynamic rather than static, the processes is affected by both of the environmental factors and the electrochemical or chemical reactions in the rust layer. Besides, Cr element has both beneficial effect and detrimental effect on the corrosion resistance of weathering steel. The beneficial effect is that the general corrosion resistance of Cr-additional steel is better than that of Cr-free steel, while the detrimental effect is that localized corrosion is intensified as the increase of Cr content in the Cr-additional steel.

Key words: Weathering steel, Cr-addition, Big data, Atmospheric corrosion

Xiaojia Yang, Ying Yang, Meihui Sun, Jinghuan Jia, Xuequn Cheng, Zibo Pei, Qing Li, Di Xu, Kui Xiao, Xiaogang Li. A new understanding of the effect of Cr on the corrosion resistance evolution of weathering steel based on big data technology[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 104: 67-80.

Figures/Tables 20

Table 1 Chemical composition of the weathering steels.

Steel	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Ni	Cr
06Ni	0.063	0.456	1.32	0.008	0.007	0.52
06CrNi	0.064	0.454	1.33	0.009	0.005	0.53	0.76
06Cr2Ni	0.062	0.449	1.33	0.006	0.007	0.51	1.69
06Cr3Ni	0.065	0.452	1.34	0.007	0.008	0.51	2.52

Fig. 1. Experimental setup for the field exposure test. (a) Schematic representation of the corrosion sensor, (b) the field exposure test.

Fig. 2. Pole-coordinates map of the relative current intensity. (a) 06Ni, (b) 06CrNi, (c) 06Cr2Ni, (d) 06Cr3Ni, subscript 1-4 represent the exposure period of 1-12, 1 and 2, 3-6, 6-12 m.

Fig. 3. Variation of the accumulative corrosion amount of the corrosion sensor. (a) 1-12 months, (b) 1 and 2 months, (c) 3-6 months, (d) 7-12 months.

Fig. 4. Macro corrosion morphologies of the specimens after exposure for 6 months (a) and 12 months (b). Subscript 1-06Ni, Subscript 2-06CrNi, Subscript 3-06Cr2Ni, Subscript 4-06Cr3Ni.

Table 2 Properties of the corrosion products.

Molecular formula	Mineral name	Color	Shape	Crystal
Fe₃O₄	Magnetite	Black	Tetrahedron	Spinel
α-Fe₂O₃	Hematite	Reddish brown	Flaky	Trigonal
α-FeOOH	Goethite	Black brown	Acicular	Tetragonal
β-FeOOH	Akaganeite	Hazel	Acicular	Orthorhombic
γ-FeOOH	Lepidocrocite	Aurantiacus	Acicular	Orthorhombic
FeOCl	Iron oxychloride	Purple	Flaky	Tetragonal
GR*(1)	Green rust 1	Dark green	Lamellar	Rhombohedral

Fig. 5. Macro corrosion morphologies of the sensors after exposure for 12 months: (a) 06Ni, (b) 06CrNi, (c) 06Cr2Ni, (d) 06Cr3Ni.

Fig. 6. Corrosion morphologies of the steels after corrosion products removal: (a) exposure for 6 months, (b) exposure for 12 months (Subscripts 1-4 represent 06Ni, 06CrNi, 06Cr2Ni, and 06Cr3Ni, respectively).

Fig. 7. 3D profiles of the steels after corrosion products removal: (a) exposure for 6 months, (b) exposure for 12 months (Subscripts 1-4 represent 06Ni, 06CrNi, 06Cr2Ni, and 06Cr3Ni, respectively).

Fig. 8. Statistics analysis of the pitting for the steels: (a) exposure for 6 months (Subscripts 1-4 represent 06Ni, 06CrNi, 06Cr2Ni, and 06Cr3Ni, respectively).

Fig. 9. Cross-sectional morphologies and elemental distribution of the rust layer: (a) exposure for 6 months, (b) exposure for 12 months (Subscripts 1-4 represent 06Ni, 06CrNi, 06Cr2Ni, and 06Cr3Ni, respectively).

Fig. 10. XRD analysis of the rust layer: (a) exposure for 6 months, (b) exposure for 12 months.

Table 3 BE and possible assignments of the component peaks used for deconvolution.

Species	Constitutes	BE, E_b	Refs.
		(eV)^a
Fe 2p_3/2
Fe(II)	FeO	709.4	[43]
Fe(III)	Fe₃O₄	710.3	[44,45]
	Fe₂O₃	711.0	[46]
	FeOOH	712.1	[47]
Cr 2p_3/2
Cr(III)	Cr₂O₃	576.2	[48]
Cr(VI)	Cr(OH)₃	577.4	[49]
Ni 2p_3/2
Ni⁰	CrO₃	578.3	[50]
Ni(II)	Ni	853.1	[51]
	NiO/NiCr₂O₄	855.5	[52]
O 1s
	Ni(OH)₂/NiFe₂O₄	854.4	[53]
O^2-	Metallic oxides	530.2	[54]
OH^-	Hydroxides	531.8	[55]
H₂O	Bound water	532.5	[55]

Fig. 11. Detailed Fe 2p3/2 spectra: (a) exposure for 6 months, (b) exposure for 12 months (Subscripts 1-4 represent 06Ni, 06CrNi, 06Cr2Ni, and 06Cr3Ni, respectively).

Fig. 12. Detailed Cr 2p3/2 spectra: (a) exposure for 6 months, (b) exposure for 12 months (Subscripts 1-4 represent 06Ni, 06CrNi, 06Cr2Ni, and 06Cr3Ni, respectively).

Fig. 13. Detailed O 1 s spectra: (a) exposure for 6 months, (b) exposure for 12 months (Subscripts 1-4 represent 06Ni, 06CrNi, 06Cr2Ni, and 06Cr3Ni, respectively).

Fig. 14. Detailed Ni 2p3/2 spectra: (a) exposure for 6 months, (b) exposure for 12 months (Subscripts 1-4 represent 06Ni, 06CrNi, 06Cr2Ni, and 06Cr3Ni, respectively).

Table 4 XPS peak intensity ratio of the species of the rust.

Steel	Period	Fe(III)/Fe(II)	FeOOH/[Fe(II)+Fe(III)]	[Cr]/[Fe]	Cr(VI)/Cr(III)	Cr(hy)/Cr(ox)	NiO/Ni(OH)₂	OH^-/O^2-
06Ni	6	1.73	0.19	-			0.54	1.7
06CrNi	6	1.49	0.22	0.023	0.18	0.42	2.18	1.4
06Cr2Ni	6	1.49	0.22	0.016	0.72	0.33	1.29	0.9
06Cr3Ni	6	1.47	0.22	0.010	0.89	0.31	0.73	0.5
06Ni	12	2.03	0.22				-	1.85
06CrNi	12	1.70	0.21	0.01	0.28	0.49	0.62	0.76
06Cr2Ni	12	1.61	0.20	0.01	0.35	0.35	0.85	0.7
06Cr3Ni	12	1.50	0.20	0.01	0.26	0.32	0.54	0.69

Fig. 15. E-pH diagram of Fe-Cr-H2O system at 29,815 K.

Fig. 16. The variation of the F index with time.

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