J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 94: 53-66.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.03.038
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Mehmet Cagiricia,b, Pan Wanga,*(), Fern Lan Nga, Mui Ling Sharon Naia, Jun Dingb, Jun Weia
Received:
2020-12-29
Revised:
2021-03-11
Accepted:
2021-03-13
Published:
2021-12-20
Online:
2021-12-15
Contact:
Pan Wang
About author:
*E-mail address: wangp@SIMTech.a-star.edu.sg (P. Wang).Mehmet Cagirici, Pan Wang, Fern Lan Ng, Mui Ling Sharon Nai, Jun Ding, Jun Wei. Additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloys by thermophysical calculations and in situ alloying[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 94: 53-66.
Alloys | ΔHmix (KJ/mol) | ΔSmix (J/mol.K) | Tm (K) | δ (%) | Ω | VEC | Phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CoCrFeNiMn | -4.17 | 13.37 | 1789 | 3.20 | 5.74 | 8.06 | FCC |
CoCrFeNiMn-0.18Ti | -6.08 | 14.09 | 1795 | 4.09 | 4.21 | 7.81 | FCC+D024+σ+γ |
CoCrFeNiMn-0.50Ti | -9.61 | 14.70 | 1804 | 5.52 | 2.75 | 7.64 | FCC+BCC+D024+σ+γ |
CoCrFeNiMn-2.00Ti | -19.13 | 14.10 | 1860 | 9.09 | 1.37 | 6.68 | BCC+σ+γ |
Table 1 The microstructure and the parameters of ΔHmix, ΔSmix, Tm, δ, Ω and VEC for CoCrFeNiMn-xTi alloy series.
Alloys | ΔHmix (KJ/mol) | ΔSmix (J/mol.K) | Tm (K) | δ (%) | Ω | VEC | Phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CoCrFeNiMn | -4.17 | 13.37 | 1789 | 3.20 | 5.74 | 8.06 | FCC |
CoCrFeNiMn-0.18Ti | -6.08 | 14.09 | 1795 | 4.09 | 4.21 | 7.81 | FCC+D024+σ+γ |
CoCrFeNiMn-0.50Ti | -9.61 | 14.70 | 1804 | 5.52 | 2.75 | 7.64 | FCC+BCC+D024+σ+γ |
CoCrFeNiMn-2.00Ti | -19.13 | 14.10 | 1860 | 9.09 | 1.37 | 6.68 | BCC+σ+γ |
Fig. 1. SEM images of mixed CoCrFeNiMn-xTi powders: (a) x=0.18 and (b) x=2.00 with corresponding morphological classification of pure CoCrFeNiMn and pure Ti powders (45-105 µm).
Fig. 2. XRD patterns of feedstock and EBM-built samples: (a) pure HEA and mixed CoCrFeNiMn-xTi HEAs feedstock and (b) EBM-built CoCrFeNiMn-xTi samples. The XRD pattern of EBM-built CoCrFeNiMn is also presented for comparison [16].
Fig. 7. (a) SEM image, (b) the corresponding elemental distribution maps, and (c) the corresponding phase distribution map of EBM-built CoCrFeNiMn-0.18Ti sample.
Fig. 8. (a) EBSD orientation map of FCC solid solution (IPF-map), (b) Phase distribution map, and (c) the corresponding EBSD orientation maps of σ, γ, and D024 structures.
Fig. 9. Dark-field TEM images of EBM-built CoCrFeNiMn-0.18Ti sample with corresponding diffraction patterns: (a, a′) FCC and σ, (b, b′) γ and (c, c′) D024 structures.
Fig. 10. Solidification structure of EBM built CoCrFeNiMn-0.18Ti. (a, b, c) EBSD orientation maps of FCC solid solution (IPF-maps), (a′, b′, c′) Phase distribution maps, (a′′, b′′, c′′) Pole figures with texture index derived from EBSD data, (d) Schematic illustration of EBSD locations, and (e) Existing phase fractions and average grain diameters of respective phases according to the build height and analysis locations.
Specimen (CoCrFeNiMn-xTi) | x=0.00 | x=0.18 | x=0.50 | x=2.00 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hardness (HV1) | 158±5 | 458±39 | 891±10 | 829±8 |
Table 2 Hardness results of EBM built CoCrFeNiMn-xTi samples.
Specimen (CoCrFeNiMn-xTi) | x=0.00 | x=0.18 | x=0.50 | x=2.00 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hardness (HV1) | 158±5 | 458±39 | 891±10 | 829±8 |
Fig. 11. SEM images of various HEA samples after HV1 indentation: (a) slip planes on CoCrFeNiMn-0.18Ti; (b) brittle deformations on CoCrFeNiMn-0.50Ti; (c) brittle deformations on CoCrFeNiMn-2.00Ti.
Fig. 12. (a) Phase distribution map; (b) SEM image with color-coded phase identifiers; (c) Nanoindentation marks of selected phases with corresponding average nanoindentation hardness values in the EBM-built CoCrFeNiMn-0.18Ti sample.
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