Effect of chloride ion on corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO3 solution with different dissolved oxygen concentrations

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.10.001

Abstract

Abstract:

The corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO₃ + 0.1 M NaCl solution with different dissolved oxygen concentrations was investigated with gravimetric tests and electrochemical measurements. Results show that the corrosion mass loss of steel is remarkably increased with the addition of chloride ion. In the initial stage, the carbon steel tends to active dissolution due to the dissolution effect of chloride ion on the oxide film; as a result, the corrosion potential maintains as low values. With the immersion time going by, the corrosion potential of the steel is promoted as a result of the accumulation of the corrosion products. However, the rust layer is loose and porous due to the deteriorating effect of chloride ion, which decreases the reduction resistance of oxygen. Meanwhile, the porous rust layer could be repaired by the depolarization of oxygen. Under the synergistic effect of chloride ion and oxygen, the corrosion of the steel is accelerated during the repeated process of dissolution and reparation of the oxide film.

Key words: Carbon steel, Chloride ion, Electrochemical measurements, Rust characterization, Localized corrosion

Fang Xue, Xin Wei, Junhua Dong, Changgang Wang, Wei Ke. Effect of chloride ion on corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO₃ solution with different dissolved oxygen concentrations[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(4): 596-603.

Figures/Tables 16

Table 1 Chemical compositions (wt%) of Q235B low carbon steel.

C	Si	Mn	S	P	Cu	Cr	Ni	Al	Fe
0.18	0.25	0.50	0.018	0.016	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	Bal.

Fig. 1. Average corrosion rate of carbon steel in (0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl) and 0.1 M NaHCO3 solutions with different dissolved oxygen concentrations [16].

Fig. 2. XRD results of corrosion products on the surface of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with different dissolved oxygen concentrations.

Fig. 3. Micro-morphology of surface and cross-section of low carbon steel after immersed in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with dissolved oxygen of different concentrations for 20 days: DO = 2.1 ppb (a) and (a'); DO = 310 ppb (b) and (b'); DO = 8 ppm: (c) and (c').

Table 2 Element weight and atomic percent of the points marked as a red cross in Fig. 3(c').

element	wt%	at%
O K	33.52	59.66
Cl K	21.90	17.60
Fe K	44.58	22.74
Total	100.00	100.00

Fig. 4. Open circuit potential (OCP vs. SCE) evolution of carbon steel as a function of immersion time in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with different dissolved oxygen concentration of 2.1 ppb, 310 ppb and 8 ppm.

Fig. 5. Potentio-dynamic polarization curves of low carbon steel immersed in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with dissolved oxygen concentration of 2.1 ppb, 310 ppb and 8 ppm for 30 min.

Fig. 6. Potentio-dynamic polarization curves of low carbon steel immersed in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with DO = 8 ppm for 30 min, 3 h and 19 days, respectively.

Fig. 7. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with DO = 2.1 ppb: |Z|?frequency plot (a), phase angle?frequency plot (a') and Nyquist plot (a”).

Fig. 8. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with DO = 310 ppb: |Z|?frequency plot (b), phase angle?frequency plot (b') and Nyquist plot (b”).

Fig. 9. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with DO = 8 ppm: |Z|?frequency plot (c), phase angle?frequency plot (c') and Nyquist plot (c”).

Fig. 10. Equivalent circuits for fitting the EIS data of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with DO = 2.1 ppb. (Rs—solution resistance, Qdl—CPE of double electrical layer, Rct—charge transfer resistance, Qru—CPE of the reduction process of ferric corrosion products, Rru—resistance of the reduction process of ferric corrosion products, Qi—CPE of the dissolution of iron, Ri—resistance of the dissolution of iron).

Fig. 11. Equivalent circuits for fitting the EIS data of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with Do = 310 ppb. (Rs—solution resistance, Qox—CPE of the oxygen reduction, Rox—resistance of the oxygen reduction, Qi—CPE of the iron dissolution, Ri—resistance of the iron dissolution, Cru—capacitance of the reduction process of the ferric corrosion products, Rru—of the reduction process of the ferric corrosion products).

Table 3 Fitting results of measured EIS data in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with dissolved oxygen concentration of 2.1 ppb.

DO	Time	R_s	Y_dl/Y_i	n_dl/n_i	R_ct/R_i	Y_ru	n_ru	R_ru
(ppb)	(day)	(Ω cm²)	(mS sⁿ cm^-2)		(kΩ cm²)	(mS sⁿ cm^-2)		(Ω cm²)
2.1	1	18.06	0.2283	0.8634	1.738	-	-	-
	4	19.58	0.798	0.8809	2.933	1.02	0.7737	414.9
	7	21.96	2.401	0.7308	22.73	2.51	0.5441	550.7
	10	20.1	2.378	0.7066	19.45	5.923	0.5642	72.25
	13	19.77	2.606	0.7084	8.813	13.16	0.5641	16.51
	16	19.69	2.725	0.7021	5.466	13.8	0.6456	4.733
	19	19.99	2.803	0.6858	3.96	11.94	0.7954	2.176

Table 4 Fitting results of the measured EIS data in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with dissolved oxygen concentration of 310 ppb.

DO	Time	R_s	Y_i	n_i	R_i	Y_ox	n_ox	R_ox	C_ru	R_ru
(ppb)	(day)	(Ω cm²)	(mS sⁿ cm^-2)		(kΩ cm²)	(mS sⁿ cm^-2)		(Ω cm²)	(mF cm^-2)	(Ω cm²)
310	1	21.87	0.3501	0.8861	1.874	1.2	0.7649	154.8	-	-
	4	21.28	0.7801	0.6919	2.031	0.6066	0.9458	195.1	0.203	102.2
	7	21.43	3.39	0.6763	4.277	8.504	0.6043	258.3	7.911	17.78
	10	21.34	4.163	0.6635	2.125	6.579	0.7601	133.1	4.318	49.98
	13	21.13	7.862	0.5878	2.323	3.568	0.5814	500	1.383	9.212
	16	20.91	8.055	0.5588	2.796	4.716	0.5827	369.9	1.675	30.44
	19	21.03	9.094	0.5705	2.225	4.589	0.5501	316.4	1.212	7.12

Table 5 Fitting results of measured EIS data in 0.1 M NaHCO3 + 0.1 M NaCl solution with dissolved oxygen concentration of 8 ppm.

DO	Time	R_s	Y_i	n_i	R_i	Y_ox	n_ox	R_ox	C_ru	R_ru
(ppb)	(day)	(Ω cm²)	(mS sⁿ cm^-2)		(kΩ cm²)	(mS sⁿ cm^-2)		(Ω cm²)	(mF cm^-2)	(Ω cm²)
8	1	23.79	0.7287	0.8638	1.933	4.173	0.5396	966.4
	4	21.74	10.81	0.8068	1.694	6.915	0.5679	492.3
	7	21.92	19.68	0.3707	0.7467	29.51	0.6815	1.883	23.69	85.85
	10	22.28	20.83	0.3417	0.6967	31.3	0.6405	2.965	34.08	41.69
	13	23.4	18.83	0.3323	0.6756	35.23	0.6772	1.629	28.44	29.28
	16	23.32	20.76	0.3174	0.6971	39.49	0.6704	1.62	24.94	20.31
	19	24.66	17.01	0.322	0.615	34.72	0.6702	1.415	19.92	20.31

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Effect of chloride ion on corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO₃ solution with different dissolved oxygen concentrations

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