J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2498-2506.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2018.06.006
Special Issue: Corrosion in 2018; Nanomaterials 2018; Stainless Steel & High Strength Steel 2018
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
S.G. Wang*(), M. Sun, Y.H. Xu, K. Long, Z.D. Zhang
Received:
2017-09-19
Revised:
2017-12-25
Accepted:
2018-04-08
Online:
2018-12-20
Published:
2018-11-15
Contact:
Wang S.G.
S.G. Wang, M. Sun, Y.H. Xu, K. Long, Z.D. Zhang. Enhanced localized and uniform corrosion resistances of bulk nanocrystalline 304 stainless steel in high-concentration hydrochloric acid solutions at room temperature[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(12): 2498-2506.
Fig. 2. Surface images of corroded NC-304SS and CC-304SS after immersion in 5 mol/L HCl solution for five days. (a) and (b) with and without corrosion products on corroded NC-304SS respectively, (c) and (d) with and without corrosion products on corroded CC-304SS, respectively.
Fig. 3. Formation rates of corrosion products on corroded NC-304SS and CC-304SS during different immersions in HCl solutions (for 35 days in 1-3 mol/L and 5 days in 4-5 mol/L).
Fig. 4. Binding energies of Cl- 2p3/2 (a) and atomic percentages of Cl- (b) on top surfaces (the original surfaces without Ar+ sputtering during XPS measurement) of corroded NC-304SS and CC-304SS after different immersion tests (for thirty five days in1-3 mol/L and five days in 4-5 mol/L) in HCl solutions.
4 s | 4 s -3d (B) | 4 s-3d (I) | 3d-4 s (B) | 3d-4 s (I) | 3d-3d (I) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
$W^{NC}_{b}$ (%) | 10.80 | 18.15 | 21.09 | 15.80 | 21.73 | 12.44 |
$W^{CC}_{b}$ (%) | 13.47 | 21.35 | 23.02 | 16.56 | 15.71 | 9.89 |
$E^{CC}_{b}$ (eV) | 0.26 | 2.27 | 4.59 | 7.07 | 9.52 | 11.05 |
$E^{NC}_{b}$ (eV) | 0.58 | 2.54 | 4.72 | 7.17 | 9.64 | 11.11 |
Table 1 Weights and binding energies of valence electrons of NC-304SS and CC-304SS. $W^{NC}_{b}$ and $W^{CC}_{b}$ represent the weights of valence electrons of NC-304SS and CC-304SS respectively. $E^{NC}_{b}$and $E^{CC}_{b}$ denote for the Eb of valence electrons of NC-304SS and CC-304SS, respectively.
4 s | 4 s -3d (B) | 4 s-3d (I) | 3d-4 s (B) | 3d-4 s (I) | 3d-3d (I) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
$W^{NC}_{b}$ (%) | 10.80 | 18.15 | 21.09 | 15.80 | 21.73 | 12.44 |
$W^{CC}_{b}$ (%) | 13.47 | 21.35 | 23.02 | 16.56 | 15.71 | 9.89 |
$E^{CC}_{b}$ (eV) | 0.26 | 2.27 | 4.59 | 7.07 | 9.52 | 11.05 |
$E^{NC}_{b}$ (eV) | 0.58 | 2.54 | 4.72 | 7.17 | 9.64 | 11.11 |
Fig. 8. Pourbaix diagrams of chromium, iron, and nickel evaluated by using SUPCRT92 software. Dashed lines at the negative and positive potentials indicate critical condition of evolution of hydrogen and oxygen, respectively [35].
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