J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2023, Vol. 132: 27-41.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.06.006
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Rui Ma, Xiping Guo(
)
Received:2022-05-18
Accepted:2022-06-03
Published:2023-01-01
Online:2022-06-26
Contact:
Xiping Guo
About author:* E-mail addresses: xpguo@nwpu.edu.cn (X. Guo).Rui Ma, Xiping Guo. Cooperative effects of Mo, V and Zr additions on the microstructure and properties of multi-elemental Nb-Si based alloys[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2023, 132: 27-41.
| Alloy | Nominal chemical composition (at.%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nb | Ti | Si | Cr | Al | Hf | Mo | V | Zr | |
| 0Mo-0V-0Zr | 53 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | - | - | - |
| 5Mo-0V-0Zr | 48 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | - | - |
| 0Mo-3V-0Zr | 50 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | - | 3 | - |
| 0Mo-0V-4Zr | 49 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | - | - | 4 |
| 5Mo-3V-0Zr | 45 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | - |
| 5Mo-0V-4Zr | 44 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | |
| 0Mo-3V-4Zr | 46 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | - | 3 | 4 |
| 5Mo-3V-4Zr | 41 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 |
Table 1. Nominal chemical compositions of the eight alloys with Mo, V and Zr additions.
| Alloy | Nominal chemical composition (at.%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nb | Ti | Si | Cr | Al | Hf | Mo | V | Zr | |
| 0Mo-0V-0Zr | 53 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | - | - | - |
| 5Mo-0V-0Zr | 48 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | - | - |
| 0Mo-3V-0Zr | 50 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | - | 3 | - |
| 0Mo-0V-4Zr | 49 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | - | - | 4 |
| 5Mo-3V-0Zr | 45 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | - |
| 5Mo-0V-4Zr | 44 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | |
| 0Mo-3V-4Zr | 46 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | - | 3 | 4 |
| 5Mo-3V-4Zr | 41 | 22 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 |
Fig. 1. XRD patterns of the eight multi-elemental Nb-Si-based alloys. (a) arc-melted condition and (b) heat-treated condition.
Fig. 2. BSE images of the eight arc-melted Nb-Si-based alloys. (a) (a1) 0Mo-0V-0Zr, (b) 5Mo-0V-0Zr, (c) (c1) 0Mo-3V-0Zr, (d) 0Mo-0V-4Zr, (e) 5Mo-3V-0Zr, (f) 5Mo-0V-4Zr, (g) 0Mo-3V-4Zr and (h) 5Mo-3V-4Zr.
| Alloy | Area fraction (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary γNb5Si3 | Eutectic | Dark regions | |||
| Eutectic I | Eutectic II | Eutectic III | |||
| 0Mo-3V-0Zr | 11.7 | 31.8 | 10.2 | 40.2 | 6.1 |
| 0Mo-0V-4Zr | 16.6 | 35.3 | 22.4 | 19.3 | 6.4 |
| 5Mo-3V-0Zr | 9.8 | 26.8 | 21.2 | 37.9 | 4.3 |
| 5Mo-0V-4Zr | 12.8 | 29.1 | 31.3 | 22.6 | 4.2 |
| 0Mo-3V-4Zr | 20.3 | 38.7 | 10.6 | 24.3 | 6.1 |
| 5Mo-3V-4Zr | 16.3 | 29.3 | 24.3 | 26.2 | 3.9 |
Table 2. Area fractions of microstructural constituents in the six arc-melted hypereutectic alloys.
| Alloy | Area fraction (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary γNb5Si3 | Eutectic | Dark regions | |||
| Eutectic I | Eutectic II | Eutectic III | |||
| 0Mo-3V-0Zr | 11.7 | 31.8 | 10.2 | 40.2 | 6.1 |
| 0Mo-0V-4Zr | 16.6 | 35.3 | 22.4 | 19.3 | 6.4 |
| 5Mo-3V-0Zr | 9.8 | 26.8 | 21.2 | 37.9 | 4.3 |
| 5Mo-0V-4Zr | 12.8 | 29.1 | 31.3 | 22.6 | 4.2 |
| 0Mo-3V-4Zr | 20.3 | 38.7 | 10.6 | 24.3 | 6.1 |
| 5Mo-3V-4Zr | 16.3 | 29.3 | 24.3 | 26.2 | 3.9 |
Fig. 3. Typical SE (secondary electron) images and EBSD results of dark regions in the arc-melted alloys. (a) (a1) Nbss/Cr2Nb/(Nb,X)5Si3 eutectic and (b) (b1) Nbss/Cr2Nb eutectic.
| Arc-melted alloy | Phases or microstructural constituents | Compositions (at.%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nb | Ti | Si | Cr | Al | Hf | Mo | V | Zr | ||
| 0Mo-0V-0Zr | α(Nb,X)5Si3 | 51.6 | 12.4 | 33.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.8 | - | - | - |
| γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 41.1 | 19.5 | 33.9 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 2.6 | - | - | - | |
| Nbss | 66.9 | 20.4 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 1.0 | - | - | - | |
| 5Mo-0V-0Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 43.7 | 15.9 | 34.4 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.0 | - | - |
| Nbss | 65.5 | 15.1 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 10.6 | - | - | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 28.0 | 33.8 | 5.4 | 25.5 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 1.8 | - | - | |
| 0Mo-3V-0Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 41.2 | 18.9 | 34.0 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 2.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Nbss | 68.6 | 18.4 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 1.0 | - | 2.2 | - | |
| α(Nb,X)5Si3 in eutectic | 50.8 | 11.6 | 33.5 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.8 | - | 0.7 | - | |
| γ(Nb,X)5Si3 in eutectic | 40.3 | 18.9 | 34.4 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 2.5 | - | 1.2 | - | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 28.2 | 23.4 | 7.8 | 29.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 | - | 6.9 | - | |
| 0Mo-0V-4Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 40.5 | 14.6 | 34.4 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 | - | - | 5.2 |
| Nbss | 70.9 | 18.7 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 0.9 | - | - | 0.2 | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 36.0 | 36.2 | 7.8 | 12.2 | 3.6 | 1.4 | - | - | 2.8 | |
| 5Mo-3V-0Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 41.0 | 15.9 | 34.7 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 0.9 | - |
| Nbss | 60.3 | 16.7 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 10.2 | 2.9 | - | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 31.1 | 22.4 | 12.6 | 20.4 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 6.8 | - | |
| 5Mo-0V-4Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 38.5 | 15.1 | 34.9 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.2 | - | 5.7 |
| Nbss | 64.5 | 16.0 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 10.1 | - | 0.1 | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 29.8 | 31.3 | 5.6 | 22.2 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | - | 3.6 | |
| 0Mo-3V-4Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 37.3 | 15.5 | 34.6 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 | - | 1.1 | 5.8 |
| Nbss | 68.7 | 18.6 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 1.0 | - | 3.2 | 0.6 | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 31.0 | 25.1 | 7.7 | 22.8 | 3.4 | 1.8 | - | 6.2 | 2.0 | |
| 5Mo-3V-4Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 36.4 | 16.0 | 35.2 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 5.8 |
| Nbss | 57.3 | 17.7 | 1.9 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 11.2 | 3.6 | 0.2 | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 24.5 | 24.8 | 11.2 | 20.4 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 5.8 | 5.4 | |
Table 3. Chemical compositions of phases or microstructural constituents in the eight arc-melted alloys.
| Arc-melted alloy | Phases or microstructural constituents | Compositions (at.%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nb | Ti | Si | Cr | Al | Hf | Mo | V | Zr | ||
| 0Mo-0V-0Zr | α(Nb,X)5Si3 | 51.6 | 12.4 | 33.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.8 | - | - | - |
| γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 41.1 | 19.5 | 33.9 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 2.6 | - | - | - | |
| Nbss | 66.9 | 20.4 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 1.0 | - | - | - | |
| 5Mo-0V-0Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 43.7 | 15.9 | 34.4 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.0 | - | - |
| Nbss | 65.5 | 15.1 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 10.6 | - | - | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 28.0 | 33.8 | 5.4 | 25.5 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 1.8 | - | - | |
| 0Mo-3V-0Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 41.2 | 18.9 | 34.0 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 2.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Nbss | 68.6 | 18.4 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 1.0 | - | 2.2 | - | |
| α(Nb,X)5Si3 in eutectic | 50.8 | 11.6 | 33.5 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.8 | - | 0.7 | - | |
| γ(Nb,X)5Si3 in eutectic | 40.3 | 18.9 | 34.4 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 2.5 | - | 1.2 | - | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 28.2 | 23.4 | 7.8 | 29.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 | - | 6.9 | - | |
| 0Mo-0V-4Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 40.5 | 14.6 | 34.4 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 | - | - | 5.2 |
| Nbss | 70.9 | 18.7 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 0.9 | - | - | 0.2 | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 36.0 | 36.2 | 7.8 | 12.2 | 3.6 | 1.4 | - | - | 2.8 | |
| 5Mo-3V-0Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 41.0 | 15.9 | 34.7 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 0.9 | - |
| Nbss | 60.3 | 16.7 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 10.2 | 2.9 | - | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 31.1 | 22.4 | 12.6 | 20.4 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 6.8 | - | |
| 5Mo-0V-4Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 38.5 | 15.1 | 34.9 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.2 | - | 5.7 |
| Nbss | 64.5 | 16.0 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 10.1 | - | 0.1 | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 29.8 | 31.3 | 5.6 | 22.2 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | - | 3.6 | |
| 0Mo-3V-4Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 blocks | 37.3 | 15.5 | 34.6 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 | - | 1.1 | 5.8 |
| Nbss | 68.7 | 18.6 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 1.0 | - | 3.2 | 0.6 | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 31.0 | 25.1 | 7.7 | 22.8 | 3.4 | 1.8 | - | 6.2 | 2.0 | |
| 5Mo-3V-4Zr | Primary γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 36.4 | 16.0 | 35.2 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 5.8 |
| Nbss | 57.3 | 17.7 | 1.9 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 11.2 | 3.6 | 0.2 | |
| Regions containing Cr2Nb | 24.5 | 24.8 | 11.2 | 20.4 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 5.8 | 5.4 | |
Fig. 4. BSE images of the eight heat-treated Nb-Si-based alloys. (a, a1) 0Mo-0V-0Zr, (b) 5Mo-0V-0Zr, (c, c1) 0Mo-3V-0Zr, (d, d1) 0Mo-0V-4Zr, (e) 5Mo-3V-0Zr, (f, f1)5Mo-0V-4Zr, (g, g1) 0Mo-3V-4Zr and (h, h1) 5Mo-3V-4Zr.
Fig. 5. Typical BSE images, EBSD result, and Kikuchi pattern of Nb3Si phase in the heat-treated alloys. (a) BSE image, (b) EBSD result and (c) Kikuchi pattern.
| Heat-treated alloy | Constituent phases | Compositions (at.%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nb | Ti | Si | Cr | Al | Hf | Mo | V | Zr | ||
| 0Mo-0V-0Zr | α(Nb,X)5Si3 | 50.6 | 12.7 | 33.1 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 2.0 | - | - | - |
| γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 36.2 | 21.6 | 34.9 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 3.9 | - | - | - | |
| Nbss | 61.3 | 24.7 | 0.8 | 8.1 | 4.0 | 1.1 | - | - | - | |
| 5Mo-0V-0Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 38.0 | 19.3 | 35.2 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 1.4 | - | - |
| Nbss | 56.9 | 21.3 | 1.2 | 7.6 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 8.6 | - | - | |
| 0Mo-3V-0Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 41.2 | 17.2 | 35.0 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 2.5 | - | 1.1 | - |
| Nbss | 59.8 | 23.0 | 1.1 | 7.5 | 3.5 | 0.8 | - | 4.3 | - | |
| α(Nb,X)5Si3 | 45.9 | 15.3 | 34.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.0 | - | 0.8 | - | |
| 0Mo-0V-4Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 31.5 | 19.4 | 35.1 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 3.2 | - | - | 7.6 |
| Nbss | 62.5 | 23.9 | 1.0 | 7.3 | 3.5 | 1.2 | - | - | 0.6 | |
| (Nb,X)3Si | 63.4 | 13.9 | 18.7 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 1.1 | - | - | - | |
| 5Mo-3V-0Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 39.3 | 17.8 | 34.5 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.1 | - |
| Nbss | 51.6 | 23.6 | 1.4 | 7.4 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 7.9 | 3.8 | - | |
| 5Mo-0V-4Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 31.7 | 18.8 | 35.2 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 0.6 | - | 7.1 |
| Nbss | 54.3 | 22.6 | 1. | 7.8 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 9.4 | - | 0.8 | |
| (Nb,X)3Si | 58.3 | 14.6 | 19.6 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 3.4 | - | - | |
| 0Mo-3V-4Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 33.5 | 16.5 | 35.6 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 3.2 | - | 0.9 | 7.4 |
| Nbss | 58.7 | 24.3 | 0.9 | 7.1 | 3.6 | 1.0 | - | 4.4 | - | |
| (Nb,X)3Si | 62.8 | 13.0 | 17.5 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.0 | - | 3.3 | - | |
| 5Mo-3V-4Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 31.5 | 18.0 | 35.2 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 7.8 |
| Nbss | 46.5 | 25.0 | 0.6 | 8.5 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 9.4 | 4.1 | - | |
| (Nb,X)3Si | 57.1 | 14.1 | 17.5 | 2.7 | - | 0.8 | 4.1 | 3.7 | - | |
Table 4. Chemical compositions of constituent phases in the eight heat-treated alloys.
| Heat-treated alloy | Constituent phases | Compositions (at.%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nb | Ti | Si | Cr | Al | Hf | Mo | V | Zr | ||
| 0Mo-0V-0Zr | α(Nb,X)5Si3 | 50.6 | 12.7 | 33.1 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 2.0 | - | - | - |
| γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 36.2 | 21.6 | 34.9 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 3.9 | - | - | - | |
| Nbss | 61.3 | 24.7 | 0.8 | 8.1 | 4.0 | 1.1 | - | - | - | |
| 5Mo-0V-0Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 38.0 | 19.3 | 35.2 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 1.4 | - | - |
| Nbss | 56.9 | 21.3 | 1.2 | 7.6 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 8.6 | - | - | |
| 0Mo-3V-0Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 41.2 | 17.2 | 35.0 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 2.5 | - | 1.1 | - |
| Nbss | 59.8 | 23.0 | 1.1 | 7.5 | 3.5 | 0.8 | - | 4.3 | - | |
| α(Nb,X)5Si3 | 45.9 | 15.3 | 34.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.0 | - | 0.8 | - | |
| 0Mo-0V-4Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 31.5 | 19.4 | 35.1 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 3.2 | - | - | 7.6 |
| Nbss | 62.5 | 23.9 | 1.0 | 7.3 | 3.5 | 1.2 | - | - | 0.6 | |
| (Nb,X)3Si | 63.4 | 13.9 | 18.7 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 1.1 | - | - | - | |
| 5Mo-3V-0Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 39.3 | 17.8 | 34.5 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.1 | - |
| Nbss | 51.6 | 23.6 | 1.4 | 7.4 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 7.9 | 3.8 | - | |
| 5Mo-0V-4Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 31.7 | 18.8 | 35.2 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 0.6 | - | 7.1 |
| Nbss | 54.3 | 22.6 | 1. | 7.8 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 9.4 | - | 0.8 | |
| (Nb,X)3Si | 58.3 | 14.6 | 19.6 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 3.4 | - | - | |
| 0Mo-3V-4Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 33.5 | 16.5 | 35.6 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 3.2 | - | 0.9 | 7.4 |
| Nbss | 58.7 | 24.3 | 0.9 | 7.1 | 3.6 | 1.0 | - | 4.4 | - | |
| (Nb,X)3Si | 62.8 | 13.0 | 17.5 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.0 | - | 3.3 | - | |
| 5Mo-3V-4Zr | γ(Nb,X)5Si3 | 31.5 | 18.0 | 35.2 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 7.8 |
| Nbss | 46.5 | 25.0 | 0.6 | 8.5 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 9.4 | 4.1 | - | |
| (Nb,X)3Si | 57.1 | 14.1 | 17.5 | 2.7 | - | 0.8 | 4.1 | 3.7 | - | |
Fig. 6. Average microhardness of Nbss and γ(Nb, X)5Si3 in the eight arc-melted alloys.
Fig. 7. (a) Room-temperature fracture toughness KQ and (b) compressive yield strength at 1250 °C of the eight arc-melted alloys.
Fig. 8. Typical fractographies of the eight arc-melted alloys. (a) 0Mo-0V-0Zr, (b) 5Mo-0V-0Zr, (c) 0Mo-3V-0Zr, (d) 0Mo-0V-4Zr, (e) 5Mo-3V-0Zr, (f) 5Mo-0V-4Zr, (g) 0Mo-3V-4Zr and (h) 5Mo-3V-4Zr.
Fig. 9. BSE images of the eight arc-melted alloys after compression at 1250 °C. (a) 0Mo-0V-0Zr, (b) 5Mo-0V-0Zr, (c) 0Mo-3V-0Zr, (d) 0Mo-0V-4Zr, (e) 5Mo-3V-0Zr, (f) 5Mo-0V-4Zr, (g) 0Mo-3V-4Zr and (h) 5Mo-3V-4Zr.
Fig. 10. Macrographs and mass gain per unit area of the eight arc-melted alloys after oxidation at 1250 °C for 1 and 20 h.
Fig. 11. Cross-sectional BSE images of the scales of the eight arc-melted alloys after oxidation at 1250 °C for 1 h. (a) 0Mo-0V-0Zr, (b) 5Mo-0V-0Zr, (c) 0Mo-3V-0Zr, (d) 0Mo-0V-4Zr, (e) 5Mo-3V-0Zr, (f) 5Mo-0V-4Zr, (g) 0Mo-3V-4Zr and (h) 5Mo-3V-4Zr.
Fig. 12. Macrographs of the crucibles to hold the alloys for oxidation at 1250 °C for 1 h. (a) 0Mo-3V-0Zr, (b) 5Mo-3V-0Zr, (c) 0Mo-3V-4Zr and (d) 5Mo-3V-4Zr alloys.
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