Tailoring microstructure and texture of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheets through curve extrusion process for achieving low planar anisotropy

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.023

Abstract

Abstract:

Curve extrusion processes, including symmetric curve extrusion (SCE) and asymmetric curve extrusion (ACE) processes, were proposed to fabricate Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) alloy sheets with the aim of improving planar anisotropy. For comparison, traditional extrusion (TE) was conducted on producing AZ31 sheets. The dynamic recrystallization and flow behavior of AZ31 Mg alloy during extrusion were examined and analyzed, and the final microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ31 sheets were investigated. In comparison with the TE sheet, finer grain size, more uniform microstructure and weaker tilted basal texture were achieved in the SCE and ACE sheets. Both the SCE and ACE sheets exhibited unique textures which basal poles tilted to extrusion direction (ED) and new transverse direction (TD)-tilted texture component was developed. The reasons were mainly ascribed to the introduction of additional flow velocity difference along TD during extrusion. Furthermore, the ACE sheet exhibited the lowest basal pole intensity, which was attributed to the introduction of extra asymmetric shear deformation during extrusion process. As a result, the ACE sheet showed the lowest yield strength and r-value, but highest elongation and n-value. Improving the planar anisotropy of AZ31 sheet was achieved by the ACE process.

Key words: Magnesium alloy, Curve extrusion, Texture, Mechanical properties

Jun Xu, Bin Jiang, Yuehua Kang, Jun Zhao, Weiwen Zhang, Kaihong Zheng, Fusheng Pan. Tailoring microstructure and texture of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheets through curve extrusion process for achieving low planar anisotropy[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 113: 48-60.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1. Schematic diagrams of extrusion dies: (a) the TE die, (b) the SCE die, (c) the ACE die, (d) the SCE and ACE products.

Fig. 2. The grain orientation images of (a) TE, (b) SCE and (c) ACE sheets taken from the central section parallel to ED; (d) Misorientation angle variation curves of the three sheets.

Fig. 3. (0002) pole figures of the (a) TE, (b) SCE and (c) ACE sheets.

Fig. 4. EBSD IPF maps in the ND corresponding to grains with c-axis deviating from ND by more than 25°for the (a) TE, (b) SCE and (c) ACE sheets; (d) the area fraction.

Fig. 5. True stress-strain curves of the (a) TE, (b) SCE and (c) ACE sheets.

Table 1. Tensile properties of the TE, SCE and ACE sheets at room temperature.

Samples	YS (MPa)	EI (%)	UTS (MPa)	n-value	r-value	UTS/YS	△r
TE	ED	162 ± 3	19.2 ± 0.5	327 ± 5	0.26	1.61 ± 0.06	2.0	0.20
Empty Cell	45°	185 ± 4	18.5 ± 0.8	326 ± 6	0.21	2.21 ± 0.07	1.8
Empty Cell	TD	216 ± 5	18.9 ± 0.4	330 ± 5	0.19	3.21 ± 0.16	1.5
Empty Cell	Average value	187 ± 4	18.8 ± 0.6	327 ± 5	0.22	2.31 ± 0.09	1.8
SCE	ED	169 ± 2	21.1 ± 0.4	331 ± 6	0.26	1.64 ± 0.05	2.0	-0.16
Empty Cell	45°	177 ± 4	21.5 ± 0.4	331 ± 7	0.24	2.14 ± 0.14	1.9
Empty Cell	TD	196 ± 3	20.7 ± 0.6	333 ± 4	0.22	2.32 ± 0.09	1.7
Empty Cell	Average value	180 ± 4	21.2 ± 0.5	332 ± 6	0.24	2.06 ± 0.10	1.8
ACE	ED	172 ± 2	19.8 ± 0.4	329 ± 5	0.26	1.85 ± 0.07	1.9	-0.06
Empty Cell	45°	148 ± 3	24.5 ± 0.3	333 ± 6	0.29	1.67 ± 0.09	2.3
Empty Cell	TD	152 ± 3	21.9 ± 0.5	337 ± 4	0.30	1.37 ± 0.06	2.2
Empty Cell	Average value	155 ± 3	22.5 ± 0.4	333 ± 5	0.29	1.64 ± 0.08	2.1

Fig. 6. The microstructure and texture evolutions of the AZ31 Mg alloy during TE process: at (a) 14 mm, (b) 8 mm and (c) 2 mm from die exit; (d) TE sheet.

Fig. 7. The microstructure and texture evolutions of the AZ31 Mg alloy during SCE process: at (a) 33 mm, (b) 14 mm, (c) 8 mm and (d) 2 mm from die exit; (e) SCE sheet.

Fig. 8. The microstructure and texture evolutions of the AZ31 Mg alloy during ACE process: at (a) 33 mm, (b) 22 mm, (c) 14 mm, (d) 8 mm and (e) 2 mm from die exit; (f) ACE sheet.

Fig. 9. The velocity evolutions near the die exit of the AZ31 Mg alloy obtained from ED-TD plane during (a) TE and (b) SCE processes.

Fig. 10. Metal flows obtained from TD-ND plane near the die exit of the AZ31 Mg alloy during SCE processes.

Fig. 11. Distributions of effective stress and effective strain obtain from ED-ND plane during (a, c) SCE and (b, d) ACE processes, respectively.

Fig. 12. Flow velocity evolutions along ED in the top and bottom surfaces of AZ31 sheet near the extrusion outlet (indicated by red regions) during TE (a) and ACE (b) processes.

Fig. 13. Low-magnification optical microstructures obtain from ED-ND plane near the die exit of the AZ31 Mg alloy during TE (a) and SCE (b) processes.

Fig. 14. Schmid factor maps and distributions of Schmid factors for basal 〈a〉 slip of the three AZ31 sheet when applied the virtual tension along 45° and TD: (a, d) TE-45° and TE-TD samples; (b, e) SCE-45° and SCE-TD samples; (c, f) ACE-45° and ACE-TD samples.

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