Multifunctional interstitial-carbon-doped FeCoNiCu high entropy alloys with excellent electromagnetic-wave absorption performance

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.025

Abstract

Abstract:

Electromagnetic-wave absorbing (EMA) materials that have efficient absorption performances, great mechanical properties and chemical stability are rare and yet essential for communication security and protection. Herein, flaky interstitial-carbon-doped FeCoNiCu high entropy alloys (HEAs) as novel EMA materials were successfully prepared by high-energy ball-milling method. Interstitial-carbon doping as a modulating approach impacted the phase forming, morphology and electromagnetic properties of FeCoNiCu HEAs. Impedance matching was significantly optimized via tuning interstitial carbon contents. The carbon-doped FeCoNiCu HEAs with appropriate carbon contents delivered superior EMA performance compared with other HEAs EMA materials. Strong reflection loss as low as -61.1 dB in the Ku band, broad effective absorption bandwidth of 5.1 GHz was achieved for FeCoNiCuC_0.04. Moreover, the carbon-doped FeCoNiCu HEAs exhibited excellent mechanical hardness and chemical stability. This work not only suggests that interstitial-carbon doping is an available approach to tuning electromagnetic properties of HEAs, but also presents carbon-doped FeCoNiCu HEAs as promising EMA materials for civilian and military due to the efficient absorption, broad bandwidth, great durability and stability.

Key words: Microwave absorption, High entropy alloys, FeCoNiCu, Carbon-doping, Impedance match

Jianping Yang, Linwen Jiang, Zhonghao Liu, Zhuo Tang, Anhua Wu. Multifunctional interstitial-carbon-doped FeCoNiCu high entropy alloys with excellent electromagnetic-wave absorption performance[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 113: 61-70.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1. Sketch of FeCoNiCuCx HEAs preparation.

Fig. 2. (a) Phase prediction parameters of FeCoNiCuCx HEAs. (b) XRD patterns and (c) the lattice constants of carbon-doped FeCoNiCu HEAs samples (#C000, #C004, #C010 and #C050).

Fig. 3. SEM images and elements mapping of (a) #C000, (b) #C004, (c) #C010, (d) #C050.

Table 1. Chemical composition for sample #C000, #C004, #C010 and #C050.

Samples	Regions	(at.%)
Samples	Regions	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	C	O
#C000	1	26.61	24.69	24.62	23.71	0	0.37
#C000	2	26.92	24.49	24.61	23.75	0	0.23
#C004	1	26.11	24.58	24.32	23.49	1.21	0.29
#C004	2	25.39	24.05	24.89	24.19	1.15	0.33
#C010	1	25.05	23.92	24.03	23.93	2.63	0.44
#C010	2	26.73	24.38	23.47	22.54	2.57	0.31
#C050	1	26.54	25.19	22.96	20.45	4.12	0.74
#C050	2	10.27	9.32	8.81	50.45	19.58	1.57

Fig. 4. (a) Potentiodynamic polarization curves and (b) Nyquist plots (the inset is the equivalent circuit) for FeCoNiCuCx (x = 0, 0.04, 0.1, 0.5) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.

Table 2. Corrosion-resistance behavior in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for all samples.

Samples	i_corr (μA/cm²)	E_corr (mV)	E_b (mV)
#C000	3.62 ± 0.98	-224.1 ± 27.6	1005.7 ± 11.6
#C004	5.14 ± 0.99	-324.9 ± 11.1	991.3 ± 31.2
#C010	9.25 ± 0.35	-363.5 ± 5.5	994.7 ± 11.5
#C050	4.08 ± 1.43	-260.5 ± 46.5	1005.8 ± 22.7

Fig. 5. DSC curves for samples #C000, #C004, #C010 and #C050.

Fig. 6. (a) Experimental relationship between nanoindentation load and nanoindentation depth, and (b) nanoindentation hardness and Young’ modulus for FeCoNiCuCx (x = 0, 0.04, 0.1 and 0.5) HEAs. (c) The comparison of mechanical properties with other related materials (the detailed mechanical properties were listed in Table S5).

Fig. 7. (a) Digital images, (b) magnetic hysteresis loops and (c) the zoomed region of magnetic hysteresis loops of all samples.

Fig. 8. (a) The real parts and (b) the imaginary parts of the relative complex permittivity. (c) The dielectric loss tangent. (d) The real parts and (e) the imaginary parts of the relative complex permeability. (f) The magnetic loss tangent as function of frequency.

Fig. 9. (a-d) Color-filled contour impedance matching plots and (e-h) color-filled contour reflection loss plots for #C000, #C004, #C010 and #C010, respectively.

Fig. 10. (a) and (c) 3D RL plots for #C004 and #C010, respectively. (b) and (d) RL plots and corresponding peak frequency based on λ/4 wavelength theory for #C004 and #C010, respectively.

Fig. 11. Comparation from multiple performances between carbon-doped FeCoNiCu HEAs and related materials.

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