CdS-sensitized 3D ordered macroporous g-C3N4 for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen generation

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.046

Abstract

Abstract:

Carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is an attractive photocatalyst but commonly suffers from high photogenerated electron-hole recombination rate, low specific surface area, and narrow visible-light response range. Herein, 3D ordered macroporous (3DOM) g-C₃N₄/CdS was constructed by a feasible and inexpensive synthesis strategy of using template and light-assisted methods to solve the above problems. The formed heterostructure with suitable morphology, band structure, and extended light absorption range is beneficial to promoting photocatalytic H₂ generation. 3DOM g-C₃N₄/CdS exhibits a high H₂ produce rate of 718.6 μmol h^-1 g^-1, which is 73.3 times higher than that of g-C₃N₄ and 25.4 times higher than that of 3DOM g-C₃N₄. The 3DOM structure can effectively increase the path length of light of g-C₃N₄, improve the light energy conversion efficiency, and shorten the carrier transport distance. CdS enhances visible-light response and produces many surface sites. Constructing a stable and tight interface between 3DOM g-C₃N₄ and CdS can promote the migration of photogenerated electrons and holes and consequently the visible-light catalytic activity. This study offers an effective designing strategy for heterostructure photocatalysts to achieve high activity and stable solar H₂ production.

Key words: Carbon nitride, CdS, Macropore, Photocatalytic, H₂ evolution

Xuewen Wang, Qiuchan Li, Qingzhuo Lin, Rongbin Zhang, Mingyue Ding. CdS-sensitized 3D ordered macroporous g-C₃N₄ for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen generation[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 111: 204-210.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. (a) Design strategy of 3DOM g-C3N4/CdS; SEM images of (b) SiO2 spheres, (c) 3DOM g-C3N4 and (d) 3DOM g-C3N4/CdS; (e) TEM image of 3DOM g-C3N4; (f) TEM image and (g) HR-TEM image of 3DOM g-C3N4/CdS.

Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns, (b) FT-IR spectra, (c) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and (d) pore diameter distribution of samples.

Fig. 3. (a) XPS spectra of C 1 s and (b) N 1 s in the samples; (c) XPS spectra of Cd 3d and (d) S 2p in the 3DOM g-C3N4/CdS.

Fig. 4. (a) UV-vis DRS of samples; (b) estimated bandgaps of g-C3N4 and 3DOM g-C3N4; (c) Mott-Schottky plots of 3DOM g-C3N4, g-C3N4 and CdS.

Fig. 5. (a) H2 production rates and (b) time courses of H2 yields for 3DOM g-C3N4/CdS with different contents of CdS nanoparticles; (c) the comparison of H2 evolution rates for samples; (d) cycles of H2 evolution for the 3DOM g-C3N4/CdS.

Fig. 6. (a) Photocurrent curves of samples with time at applied potential 0.3 V. (b) EIS curves, (c) decay time spectra and (d) PL spectra of samples.

Fig. 7. Sketch of photocatalytic H2 production over the 3DOM g-C3N4/CdS heterostructure.

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CdS-sensitized 3D ordered macroporous g-C₃N₄ for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen generation

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