Simultaneously enhanced efficiency and ambient stability of inorganic perovskite solar cells by employing tetramethylammonium chloride additive in CsPbI2Br

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.05.084

Abstract

Abstract:

Although all-inorganic perovskites possess suitable bandgap and thermal stability for photovoltaic applications, the unstable film morphologies, and poor moisture stabilities lag behind the organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. Herein, we demonstrate that high quality α-CsPbI₂Br films with improved phase stability, high crystallinity, and pinhole-free film morphology was achieved by employing tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACl) as an additive. As a result, the TMACl-added CsPbI₂Br films exhibited high power conversion efficiency of 14.12% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.19 V, a short-circuit current density of 15.08 mA/cm², and a fill factor of 0.78. More importantly, the TMACl addition imparts hydrophobicity to the film surface of CsPbI₂Br, which delivered excellent stability up to 30 days in the ambient condition and thermal stability at 85 °C for 156 h, respectively. Moreover, the TMACl-added device also exhibited excellent PCE of 27.16% under indoor light source (1000 lux), which presents a promising approach for designing stable but high performance all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.

Key words: Inorganic perovskite solar cells, CsPbI₂Br, Additive, Tetramethylammonium chloride, Efficiency

In Su Jin, Bhaskar Parida, Jae Woong Jung. Simultaneously enhanced efficiency and ambient stability of inorganic perovskite solar cells by employing tetramethylammonium chloride additive in CsPbI₂Br[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 102: 224-231.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1. (a-d) SEM images, and (e-h) AFM tophographic images of CsPbI2Br films with TMACl at a concentration of 0 wt% (a, e), 1 wt% (b, f), 3 wt% (c, g), and 5 wt% (d, h).

Fig. 2. (a) XRD full scans, (b) XRD magnified region for (200) peaks, (c) full width at half maximum (FWHM) and coherence length of crystals for (200) phases, (d) UV-Vis absorption spectra, (e) steady-state PL spectra, and (f) PL decay traces of CsPbI2Br films with varied concentrations of TMACl.

Fig. 3. (a) SEM images of cross-section of PSCs (top: 0 wt% of TMACl; down: 3 wt% of TMACl), (b) J-V graphs, (c) EQE curves, (d) histogram of PCEs, (e) J-V graphs with respect to the forward (FW) and reverse (RV) scan direction, and (f) light intensity dependence of VOC of the PSCs with varied concentrations of TMACl.

Table 1 The photovoltaics parameters of CsPbI2Br PSCs with varied concentrations of TMACl under 1sun condition (AM 1.5G, 100 mW/cm2).

Con. of TMACl (wt%)	V_OC (V)	J_SC (mA/cm²)	J_SC* (mA/cm²)	FF	PCE (%)
0	1.16 (1.12 ± 0.04)	13.78 (12.97 ± 0.60)	13.12	0.69 (0.66 ± 0.07)	11.03 (9.50 ± 0.99)
1	1.18 (1.14 ± 0.05)	14.85 (13.48 ± 0.69)	14.14	0.66 (0.62 ± 0.04)	11.57 (9.87 ± 1.39)
3	1.19 (1.15 ± 0.04)	15.08 (13.88 ± 0.74)	14.66	0.78 (0.69 ± 0.05)	14.12 (12.23 ± 0.90)
5	1.19 (1.16 ± 0.01)	13.93 (13.62 ± 0.20)	13.27	0.73 (0.61 ± 0.06)	12.08 (9.69 ± 1.19)

Fig. 4. (a) Nyquist plots, (b) IMPS, (c) IMVS, and (d) TPV measurements of PSCs with and without TMACl.

Fig. 5. (a) Normalized PCE decay of PSCs with and without TMACl (a) in ambient environment and (b) under continuous heating at 85 °C in a N2 environment. (c) Contact angle measurement of CsPbI2Br films with and without TMACl using DI water, and (d) color change of the films in ambient environment.

Fig. 6. (a) Measurement setup, (b) J-V curves, (c) photon flux with integrated current density spectra, and (d) stabilized power output measurement of PSCs with and without TMACl additive under white LED lighte source (6500 K) at an intensity of 1000 lux.

Table 2 The photovoltaic parameters of CsPbI2Br PSCs with and without TMACl additive under white LED light source (6500 K, 1000 lux).

Con. of TMACl (wt%)	V_OC (V)	J_SC (μA/cm²)	FF	PCE (%)
0	0.92	84.1	0.72	17.23
3	0.94	122.0	0.77	27.16

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Simultaneously enhanced efficiency and ambient stability of inorganic perovskite solar cells by employing tetramethylammonium chloride additive in CsPbI₂Br

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