J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 80: 217-233.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.11.044
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yu Fua,b, Jun Lia,b, Hong Luoa,b,c,d,e,*(
), Cuiwei Dua,b,c,d,*(), Xiaogang Lia,b,c,d
Received:2020-08-30
Accepted:2020-11-13
Published:2020-12-10
Online:2020-12-10
Contact:
Hong Luo,Cuiwei Du
About author:dcw@ustb.edu.cn (C. Du).Yu Fu, Jun Li, Hong Luo, Cuiwei Du, Xiaogang Li. Recent advances on environmental corrosion behavior and mechanism of high-entropy alloys[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 80: 217-233.
Fig. 1. An overview of environmental corrosion behavior and mechanism of HEAs regarding the composition, microstructure, passive film and processing.
Fig. 2. Potential relationships between the four core effects and corrosion resistance.
Fig. 3. Elemental distribution of (a) Al0.3CoCrFeNi, (b) Al0.5CoCrFeNi and (c) Al0.7CoCrFeNi by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mappings [17].
Fig. 4. Potentiodynamic polarization curves of (a) AlxCoCrFeNi (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1) in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution [54] and (b) AlxCoCrFeNi (x = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution [17].
Fig. 5. (a) Nyquist plots, (b) Bode plots and (c) equivalent circuits for FeCoNiCrx (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution (in the equivalent circuits, Rs represents the solution resistance, Zf represents the Faraday impedance of electrode, Qdl is the double-layer capacitance, Rt is the charge-transfer resistance, Ca and Ra are the capacitance and impedance of the passive film, respectively and Zw represents the Warburg impedance) [60].
Fig. 6. XPS spectra of (a) Cr 2p3/2, (b) Fe 2p3/2, (c) Ni 2p3/2, (d) Co 2p3/2, (e) O 1s and (f) Mo 3d in the passive films of FeCoCrNi and FeCoCrNiMo0.1 alloys [31].
Fig. 7. (a) Bright-field TEM image, (b) TEM image of the precipitates in the dendrites, (c) SAED pattern of the interdendritic regions, (d) SAED pattern of the dendrite matrix with precipitates, (e-h) the elemental distribution of precipitates in Al1.2CoCrFeNiTi0.8 alloy by TEM-EDS mapping: (e) Al, Ni; (f) Al, Cr, Fe, Ni; (g) Cr, Fe and (h) Ti, Fe, Co [36].
Fig. 8. Corrosion behavior of Cu-containing Fe38.5Mn20Co20Cr15Si5Cu1.5 alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution: (a) the potentiodynamic polarization curves of as-cast and friction stir processed Cu-HEA, (b) the secondary electron image of Cu-Mn-rich phase in as-cast alloy, (b1) Cu, (b2) Mn, (c) the secondary electron image of pitting morphology of as-cast alloy (near the Cu-Mn-rich phase), (d-e) the secondary electron image of pitting morphology of friction stir processed alloy, (e1, e2) the elemental distribution of the corrosion products by EDS X-ray mapping, (f) the composition of Cu-Mn-rich phase in as-cast alloy and the corrosion products for both conditions and (g) the schematic diagram of Cu-rich region in chloride-containing solution [78].
Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of the pitting corrosion processes of CoCrFeMnNi HEA with 0.8 at.% C in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution containing 3.5 wt.% NaCl: (a) the pitting corrosion processes and (b) the corrosion morphology after polarization test [22].
Fig. 10. Potential maps and line profiles of the as-forged and as-equilibrated AlxCoCrFeNi (x = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) (A1, A2 and B2 represent disordered-FCC phase, disordered-BCC phase and ordered-BCC phase, respectively): (a) as-forged Al0.3CoCrFeNi; (b) as-equilibrated Al0.3CoCrFeNi; (c) the inter-phase of as-forged Al 0.5CoCrFeNi; (d) the disordered/ordered BCC phase of as-forged Al0.5CoCrFeNi; (e) as-equilibrated Al0.5CoCrFeNi; (f) as-forged Al0.7CoCrFeNi; (g) the inter-phase of as-forged Al0.7CoCrFeNi and (h) the disordered/ordered BCC phase of as-forged Al0.7CoCrFeNi [30].
Fig. 11. Schematic of the point defects and interfacial reactions in HEAs [38].
| Alloys | Rs(Ω cm2) | Ydl(sn Ω -1 cm-2) | ndl | Rt(Ω cm2) | Ra(Ω cm2) | Ca(F cm-2) | Zw(Ω cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FeCoNi | 1.3 | 7.8 × 10 -5 | 0.80 | 4.50 × 10 3 | 4.93 × 10 2 | 7.2 × 10 -3 | - |
| FeCoNiCr0.5 | 1.5 | 4.7 × 10 -5 | 0.92 | 1.98 × 10 4 | 1.03 × 10 4 | 9.1 × 10 -4 | - |
| FeCoNiCr | 1.5 | 5.4 × 10 -5 | 0.91 | 9.08 × 10 2 | - | 4.4 × 10 -4 | 1.03 × 10 -3 |
Table 1 Parameters of FeCoNiCrx (x = 0, 0.5, 1) alloys simulated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution [60].
| Alloys | Rs(Ω cm2) | Ydl(sn Ω -1 cm-2) | ndl | Rt(Ω cm2) | Ra(Ω cm2) | Ca(F cm-2) | Zw(Ω cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FeCoNi | 1.3 | 7.8 × 10 -5 | 0.80 | 4.50 × 10 3 | 4.93 × 10 2 | 7.2 × 10 -3 | - |
| FeCoNiCr0.5 | 1.5 | 4.7 × 10 -5 | 0.92 | 1.98 × 10 4 | 1.03 × 10 4 | 9.1 × 10 -4 | - |
| FeCoNiCr | 1.5 | 5.4 × 10 -5 | 0.91 | 9.08 × 10 2 | - | 4.4 × 10 -4 | 1.03 × 10 -3 |
Fig. 12. Comparison of the corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion current density (icorr) between HEAs and other traditional corrosion-resistant alloys in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution.
Fig. 13. Comparison of the breakdown potential (Epit) and the passive current density (ipass) between HEAs and other traditional corrosion-resistant alloys in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.
Fig. 14. Pseudo-binary phase diagram of Ni59-xCrxFe20Ru13Mo6W2 calculated in ThermoCalc with TCHEA2 database. The FCC single phase region is shaded in green. The dashed line corresponds the Ni-rich HEA composition with 21 at.% Cr. BCC and BCC# are two disordered BCC phases with a miscibility gap [128].
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