Pitting corrosion of 2Cr13 stainless steel in deep-sea environment

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.04.036

Abstract

Abstract:

Pitting corrosion of 2Cr13 stainless steel was investigated by deep-sea exposure test at various depths of 500 m, 800 m and 1200 m in the South China Sea for 4 months. With the aid of electrochemical measurements in simulated deep-sea environments and grey relational analysis, the influence of deep-sea environments on passive film and the mechanism of pitting corrosion were discussed. The results indicated that with the increase of sea depth, pitting depth of 2Cr13 stainless steel increased, which can be attributed to the change of chemical composition and the degradation of pitting resistance of passive film. Film growth was greatly retarded in the condition of low seawater temperature and low dissolved oxygen content of deep sea, resulting in an unstable and vulnerable film. Pitting depth was most influenced by hydrostatic pressure, which can increase the adsorption and penetration of Cl ^- ion, and promote the proliferation of point defects in passive film, leading to rapid deconstruction of protective oxides of the film. Pitting sensitivity of 2Cr13 stainless steel increased eventually with the combination of accelerated dissolution and suppressed self-healing of passive film in deep sea.

Key words: Stainless steel, Deep sea, Pitting corrosion, Passive film, Grey relational analysis

Xinhua Wang, Lin Fan, Kangkang Ding, Likun Xu, Weimin Guo, Jian Hou, Tigang Duan. Pitting corrosion of 2Cr13 stainless steel in deep-sea environment[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 64: 187-194.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Environmental factors in deep sea of 500 m, 800 m and 1200 m.

Depth (m)	Hydrostatic pressure (MPa)	pH	Temperature (℃)	Conductivity (mS?cm^-1)	Dissolved oxygen content (μM)
500	5.0	7.7	8.2	36.0	107.6
800	8.0	7.7	5.5	33.8	98.3
1200	12.0	7.6	3.5	32.3	105.4

Fig. 1. Corrosion morphologies of 2Cr13 stainless steel after exposure in deep sea of 500 m (a), 800 m (b) and 1200 m (c) for 4 months.

Fig. 2. 3D images and cross-section profiles of typical pitting on 2Cr13 stainless steel after exposure in deep sea of 500 m (a), 800 m (b) and 1200 m (c) for 4 months.

Fig. 3. Cumulative probability of pitting depth of 2Cr13 stainless steel at different exposure depths.

Fig. 4. XPS spectra of O 1s (a)-(c), Fe 2p3/2 (d)-(f) and Cr 2p3/2 (g)-(i) for passive films on 2Cr13 stainless steel after exposure in deep sea of 500 m (a), (d), (g), 800 m (b), (e), (h) and 1200 m (c), (f), (i).

Table 2 Contents (wt.%) of species in passive films at different sea depths.

Species	500 m	800 m	1200 m
Fe	10.62	10.25	10.26
Fe₂O₃+Fe₃O₄	61.89	55.70	48.66
FeOOH	27.49	34.05	41.08
Cr	6.26	6.22	6.53
Cr₂O₃	53.32	39.63	32.32
Cr(OH)₃	40.42	54.15	61.15

Fig. 5. Potentiodynamic polarization curves of 2Cr13 stainless steel in simulated deep-sea environments (a) and schematic diagram of the ideal polarization curves (b).

Table 3 Parameters obtained by the fitting of potentiodynamic polarization curves.

Depth (m)	E_corr (V)	i_corr (μA?cm^-2)	E_b (V)
500	-0.33	1.48	-0.058
800	-0.29	0.39	0.015
1200	-0.27	0.31	-0.006

Fig. 6. EIS spectra including Nyquist plots (a) and Bode plots (b) of 2Cr13 stainless steel in simulated deep-sea environments.

Fig. 7. Equivalent circuit used for the fitting of EIS spectra.

Table 4 Parameters obtained by the fitting of EIS spectra.

Depth (m)	R_s (Ω?cm²)	CPE (mS?sⁿ?cm^-2)	n_CPE	R_t (kΩ?cm²)
500	5.0	7.7	8.2	36.0
800	8.0	7.7	5.5	33.8
1200	12.0	7.6	3.5	32.3

Fig. 8. Mott-Schottky plots of 2Cr13 stainless steel after immersion in simulated deep-sea environments for 24 h (a) and histogram of charge carrier densities as a function of sea depth (b).

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