J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 67: 243-253.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.006
• Research article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xu Lu, Dong Wang*(
)
Received:2020-04-11
Revised:2020-07-02
Accepted:2020-07-06
Published:2021-03-20
Online:2021-04-15
Contact:
Dong Wang
About author:* E-mail address: dong.wang@ntnu.no (D. Wang).Xu Lu, Dong Wang. Effect of hydrogen on deformation behavior of Alloy 725 revealed by in-situ bi-crystalline micropillar compression test[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 67: 243-253.
| C | Fe | Cr | Nb | Mo | Ti | Al | Mn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <0.01 | 10.1 | 19.7 | 3.6 | 7.3 | 1.4 | <0.1 | <0.02 |
| Si | S | P | N | Ni | |||
| <0.1 | <0.001 | <0.005 | trace | Balance |
Table 1 Nominal composition of the Alloy 725 specimen wt.%.
| C | Fe | Cr | Nb | Mo | Ti | Al | Mn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <0.01 | 10.1 | 19.7 | 3.6 | 7.3 | 1.4 | <0.1 | <0.02 |
| Si | S | P | N | Ni | |||
| <0.1 | <0.001 | <0.005 | trace | Balance |
Fig. 1. (a) SEM micrograph and (b) the corresponding inverse pole figure (IPF) map and (c) phase map of SA Alloy 725; (d)-(e) schematic of the prepared micropillars with GBs; (f) schematic defining the [112], [259]-oriented twin boundaries (FCC: face-centered cubic).
| GB | Grain A | Grain B | Misorientation axis (U V W) | Misorientat-ion angle (θ) | TB orientation, α |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euler angles (φ1 Φ φ2) | |||||
| TB1 | (211.2 116.5 206.7) | (337.3 33.2 48.1) | (1-1 1) | 59.9° | [ |
| TB2 | (109.9 101.4 29.3) | (42.1 78.7 299.2) | (-1 1 -1) | 59.3° | [ |
| HAGB1 | (258.8 92.8 191.9) | (350.6 128.5 224.2) | (1 -1-1) | 56.2° | 50.9° |
| HAGB2 | (253.3 120.4 303.7) | (118.4 17.3 222.4) | (1 2 0) | 46.5° | 59.3° |
| LAGB1 | (208.7 29.7 249.4) | (210.4 21 151.7) | (-1 1 1) | 10.7° | 90° |
| LAGB2 | (278.8 129.3 3.1) | (276.9 139.2 184.2) | (-5 1 0) | 10.3° | 71.9° |
Table 2 Crystallographic parameters of the selected GBs (α is the tilt angle between the sample surface and the GB).
| GB | Grain A | Grain B | Misorientation axis (U V W) | Misorientat-ion angle (θ) | TB orientation, α |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euler angles (φ1 Φ φ2) | |||||
| TB1 | (211.2 116.5 206.7) | (337.3 33.2 48.1) | (1-1 1) | 59.9° | [ |
| TB2 | (109.9 101.4 29.3) | (42.1 78.7 299.2) | (-1 1 -1) | 59.3° | [ |
| HAGB1 | (258.8 92.8 191.9) | (350.6 128.5 224.2) | (1 -1-1) | 56.2° | 50.9° |
| HAGB2 | (253.3 120.4 303.7) | (118.4 17.3 222.4) | (1 2 0) | 46.5° | 59.3° |
| LAGB1 | (208.7 29.7 249.4) | (210.4 21 151.7) | (-1 1 1) | 10.7° | 90° |
| LAGB2 | (278.8 129.3 3.1) | (276.9 139.2 184.2) | (-5 1 0) | 10.3° | 71.9° |
Fig. 2. Engineering stress-strain plots for (a) [112] and (b) [259] TB pillars compressed in hydrogen-free, hydrogen-charged and anodic discharging conditions, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.).
Fig. 3. Engineering stress-strain plots for (a) HAGB1, (b) HAGB2, (c) LAGB1, and (d) LAGB2 pillars compressed in hydrogen-free and hydrogen-charged conditions. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.).
Fig. 4. Effect of hydrogen on (a)-(b) stress at 2.5% strain (σ2.5%), and (c)-(d) ultimate strength (σmax) for pillars containing the selected GBs. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.).
Fig. 5. Hydrogen effect on the cumulative probability of the strain burst size for micropillars containing (a) [112] TB, (b) [259] TB, (c) HAGBs, and (d) LAGBs, respectively.
Fig. 6. SEM micrographs of BC micropillars deformed in hydrogen-free condition (a1)-(a2) [112] type orientation, and (a3)-(a4) [259] type orientation; and BC micropillars deformed in hydrogen-charged conditions (b1)-(b2) [112] type orientation, and (b3)-(b4) [259] type orientation.
Fig. 7. SEM micrographs of BC micropillars containing (a)-(b) HAGBs and (c)-(d) LAGBs deformed in air; and the corresponding deformation morphologies in the hydrogen-charged condition for (e)-(f) HAGBs and (g)-(h) LAGBs. The magnified slip morphologies are shown in (a1)-(h1).
| GB | Active slip system | Schmid factor for full dislocation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grain A | Grain B | Grain A | Grain B | |
| TB-[ | (111)[- | (-11-1)[ | 0.42 | 0.44 |
| TB-[ | (111)[ (-1-11)[ | (-11-1)[- (111)[ | 0.49 0.42 | 0.49 0.43 |
| HAGB1 | (-1-11)[ (111)[ | (-11-1)[ (-11-1)[- (1-1-1)[ | 0.48 0.47 | 0.30 0.29 0.29 |
| HAGB2 | (111)[ (1-1-1)[ | (-11-1)[- (1-1-1)[ | 0.38 0.33 | 0.46 0.44 |
| LAGB1 | (-1-11)[ (-11-1)[- | (-1-11)[ (-11-1)[- | 0.49 0.43 | 0.49 0.45 |
| LAGB2 | (-11-1)[- (-1-11)[ | (1-1-1)[ (111)[- | 0.45 0.43 | 0.45 0.43 |
Table 3 Summary of the activated slip systems and the Schmid factors for each grain at the corresponding GBs (Grain A and Grain B refers to the grain on the left and right side of the GB, respectively).
| GB | Active slip system | Schmid factor for full dislocation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grain A | Grain B | Grain A | Grain B | |
| TB-[ | (111)[- | (-11-1)[ | 0.42 | 0.44 |
| TB-[ | (111)[ (-1-11)[ | (-11-1)[- (111)[ | 0.49 0.42 | 0.49 0.43 |
| HAGB1 | (-1-11)[ (111)[ | (-11-1)[ (-11-1)[- (1-1-1)[ | 0.48 0.47 | 0.30 0.29 0.29 |
| HAGB2 | (111)[ (1-1-1)[ | (-11-1)[- (1-1-1)[ | 0.38 0.33 | 0.46 0.44 |
| LAGB1 | (-1-11)[ (-11-1)[- | (-1-11)[ (-11-1)[- | 0.49 0.43 | 0.49 0.45 |
| LAGB2 | (-11-1)[- (-1-11)[ | (1-1-1)[ (111)[- | 0.45 0.43 | 0.45 0.43 |
Fig. 8. (a1) Micrograph of the FIB-subtracted micropillar lamella containing [112]-oriented TB compressed in air, and the corresponding t-EBSD results showing (a2) IPF image, (a3) IQ image, and (a4) KAM image. (b1) Micrograph of [112]-oriented TB compressed in the hydrogen-charged condition, and the corresponding t-EBSD results showing (b2) IPF image, (b3) IQ image, and (b4) KAM image. (Step size: 20 nm).
Fig. 9. (a1) Micrograph of the FIB-subtracted micropillar lamella containing HAGB2 compressed in air, and the corresponding t-EBSD results showing (a2) IPF image, (a3) IQ image, and (a4) KAM image. (b1) Micrograph of HAGB2 compressed in the hydrogen-charged condition, and the corresponding t-EBSD results showing (b2) IPF image, (b3) IQ image, and (b4) KAM image. (Step size: 20 nm).
Fig. 10. (a1) Micrograph of the FIB-subtracted micropillar lamella containing LAGB1 after compression test in air, and the corresponding t-EBSD results showing (a2) IPF image, (a3) IQ image, and (a4) KAM image. (b1) Micrograph of LAGB1 after compression test in the hydrogen-charged condition, and the corresponding t-EBSD results showing (b2) IPF image, (b3) IQ image, and (b4) KAM image. (Step size: 10 nm).
| TB-[ | TB-[ | HAGB1 | HAGB2 | LAGB1 | LAGB2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (°) | 17.9 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 6.7 | 11.1 | 6.1 |
| (hakala)/ (hbkblb) | (111)/ (-11-1) | (111)/ (-11-1) | (111)/ (1-1-1) | (111)/ (1-1-1) | (-1-11)/ (-11-1) | (-11-1)/ (111) |
Table 4 The calculated minimum angle β and the corresponding active slip system (hakala)/ (hbkblb).
| TB-[ | TB-[ | HAGB1 | HAGB2 | LAGB1 | LAGB2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (°) | 17.9 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 6.7 | 11.1 | 6.1 |
| (hakala)/ (hbkblb) | (111)/ (-11-1) | (111)/ (-11-1) | (111)/ (1-1-1) | (111)/ (1-1-1) | (-1-11)/ (-11-1) | (-11-1)/ (111) |
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