Nondestructive effect of the cusp magnetic field on the dendritic microstructure during the directional solidification of Nickel-based single crystal superalloy

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.05.059

Abstract

Abstract:

The mechanical-property improvement of directionally-solidified Nickel-based single crystal (SC) superalloy with the single-direction magnetic fields is limited by their destructiveness on the dendritic microstructure. Here, the work present breaks through the bottleneck. It shows that the application of the cusp magnetic field (CMF) ensures that the dendrites are not destroyed. This feature embodies that the primary dendrite trunks arrange regularly and orderly, as well the secondary dendrite arms grow symmetrically. By contrast, both the unidirectional transverse and longitudinal magnetic field destroy the dendrite morphology, and there are a number of stray grains near the totally-remelted interface. The nondestructive effect is achieved mainly by the combined action of the thermoelectromagnetic force on the dendrites and thermoelectromagnetic convection in the melt during directional solidification. The investigation should contribute a new route for dramatically and effectively improving the crystal quality and mechanical properties of the directionally-solidified alloys.

Key words: Dendrites, Single-crystal superalloy, Magnetic fields, Directional solidification

Xiaotan Yuan, Tao Zhou, Weili Ren, Jianchao Peng, Tianxiang Zheng, Long Hou, Jianbo Yu, Zhongming Ren, Peter K. Liaw, Yunbo Zhong. Nondestructive effect of the cusp magnetic field on the dendritic microstructure during the directional solidification of Nickel-based single crystal superalloy[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 62: 52-59.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1. Schematic of the DS apparatus under the magnetic field.

Fig. 2. (a) The structure of the CMF (the color legend represents the magnetic field intensity): (a1) the distribution of magnetic-field line (the horizontal black dashed line is the ZMP, and the black solid is the sample), (a2) the distribution of magnetic field line on the ZMP. (b) The microstructure of directionally-solidified samples near the TRI by the seeded method (the white and green dashed lines represent the TRI and the partial melting interface respectively): (b1) the selection of the TRI (the red rectangle is the zone of the TRI), (b2) the microstructure near the TRI.

Fig. 3. The longitudinal microstructures near the TRI under different magnetic fields (the white-dotted line is the TRI) : (a) without the magnetic field, (b) TMF, (c) LMF, (d) CMF, (a1-d1) OM images, (a2-d2) inverse pole Figure (IPF) maps (the green-dashed-line frame in a1 and d1 is the local secondary-dendrite magnification diagram. The secondary-dendrite arms on the left side are thicker than that on the right side without the magnetic field, while the secondary-dendrite arms are more symmetrical under CMF).

Fig. 4. The transverse microstructures of different solidification distances under various magnetic fields: (a) without the magnetic field, (b) TMF, (c) LMF, (d) CMF, (a1-d3) OM images, (a1-d1) at the TRI, (a2-d2) 5 mm above the TRI, (a3-d3) 15 mm above the TRI, (a1'-d3') IPF maps (the numbers in the lower left corner indicate the average orientation of the measured area).

Fig. 5. The normal distribution map of the ratio, LL/LR, under the CMF and without the magnetic field: (a), (b) the local magnification of dendrites in Fig. 4 (a3) and (d3); (c) the diagram of the asymmetry of the secondary-dendrite arm (LL and LR are the lengths of left and right dendrite arms).

Fig. 6. TEMF and TEMC simulations of a single cell under different magnetic fields: (a1) the calculation domain of the cell geometry model, which is φ1 mm × 3 mm; (a2) the JTE of the liquid-solid interface; (b1)-(d1) the distribution of TEMF on the cell under TMF, LMF, and CMF, respectively; (b2)-(d2) the distribution of TEMC in the liquid under the TMF, LMF, and CMF, respectively (the blue arrows represent the direction of TEMC). TEME of the dendritic array with different magnetic fields: (e1) TMF, (e2) LMF, (e3) CMF (the yellow arrows represent the TEMC direction, and the size of arrows represents the intensity).

References 32

[1]	M. Schutze, Nat. Mater. 15 (2016) 823-824. DOI URL PMID
[2]	T.M. Smith, B.D. Esser, N. Antolin, A. Carlsson, R.E. Williams, A. Wessman, T. Hanlon, H.L. Fraser, W. Windl, D.W. McComb, M.J. Mills, Nat. Commun. 7 (2016) 13434. DOI URL PMID
[3]	J. Cormier, Nature 537 (2016) 315-316. DOI URL PMID
[4]	W. Xia, X. Zhao, L. Yue, Z. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 44 (2020) 76-95. DOI URL
[5]	L.H. Rettberg, T.M. Pollock, Acta Mater. 73 (2014) 287-297. DOI URL
[6]	J.H. Perepezko, Science 326 (2009) 1068-1069. DOI URL PMID
[7]	M. Seita, J.P. Hanson, S. Gradecak, M.J. Demkowicz, Nat. Commun. 6 (2015) 6164. DOI URL PMID
[8]	J.P. Hanson, A. Bagri, J. Lind, P. Kenesei, R.M. Suter, S. Gradecak, M.J. Demkowicz, Nat. Commun. 9 (2018) 3386. DOI URL PMID
[9]	X. Li, K. Lu, Nat. Mater. 16 (2017) 700-701. DOI URL PMID
[10]	Y.J. Liang, X. Cheng, H.M. Wang, Acta Mater. 118 (2016) 17-27. DOI URL
[11]	X.B. Zhao, L. Liu, C.B. Yang, Y.F. Li, J. Zhang, Y.L. Li, H.Z. Fu, J. Alloys Compd. 509 (2011) 9645-9649. DOI URL
[12]	E. Alabort, D. Barba, S. Sulzer, M. Lißner, N. Petrinic, R.C. Reed, Acta Mater. 151 (2018) 377-394. DOI URL
[13]	P. Hallensleben, H. Schaar, P. Thome, N. Jöns, A. Jafarizadeh, I. Steinbach, G. Eggeler, J. Frenzel, Mater. Des. 128 (2017) 98-111. DOI URL
[14]	Y. Zhao, J. Zhang, Y. Luo, G. Sha, L. Li, D. Tang, Q.C. Feng, Acta Mater. 176 (2019) 109-122. DOI URL
[15]	F. Wang, D. Ma, A. Bührig-Polaczek, Mater. Charact. 127 (2017) 311-316. DOI URL
[16]	W. Ren, C. Niu, B. Ding, Y. Zhong, J. Yu, Z. Ren, W. Liu, L. Ren, P.K. Liaw, Sci. Rep. 8 (2018) 1452. DOI URL PMID
[17]	C. Mapelli, A. Gruttadauria, M. Peroni, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 210 (2010) 306-314. DOI URL
[18]	P. Daggolu, J.W. Ryu, A. Galyukov, A. Kondratyev, J. Cryst. Growth 452 (2016) 22-26.
[19]	A. Kao, B. Cai, P.D. Lee, K. Pericleous, J. Cryst. Growth 457 (2017) 270-274.
[20]	Z. Lu, Y. Fautrelle, Z. Ren, X. Li, Sci. Rep. 8 (2018) 10641. DOI URL PMID
[21]	W. Ren, T. Zhang, Z. Ren, A. Zhao, Y. Zhong, J. Guo, Mater. Lett. 63 (2009) 382-385. DOI URL
[22]	H. Zhong, C. Li, Z. Ren, M. Rettenmayr, Y. Zhong, J. Yu, J. Wang, J. Cryst. Growth 439 (2016) 66-73.
[23]	J. Wang, Y. Fautrelle, H. Nguyen-Thi, G. Reinhart, H. Liao, X. Li, Y. Zhong, Z. Ren, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 47 (2015) 1169-1179. DOI URL
[24]	X. Li, A. Gagnoud, Y. Fautrelle, Z. Ren, R. Moreau, Y. Zhang, C. Esling, Acta Mater. 60 (2012) 3321-3332. DOI URL
[25]	T. Alboussiere, A.C. Neubrand, J.P. Garandet, R. Moreau, Magnetohydrodynamics 31 (1995) 228-235.
[26]	W.L. Ren, Y.F. Fan, J.W. Feng, Y.B. Zhong, J.B. Yu, Z.M. Ren, P.K. Liaw, Sci. Rep. 6 (2016) 20598. DOI URL PMID
[27]	X. Li, A. Gagnoud, Z. Ren, Y. Fautrelle, R. Moreau, Acta Mater. 57 (2009) 2180-2197. DOI URL
[28]	P. Lehmann, R. Moreau, D. Camel, R. Bolcato, Acta Mater. 46 (1998) 4067-4079. DOI URL
[29]	S. Shuai, X. Lin, Y. Dong, L. Hou, H. Liao, J. Wang, Z. Ren, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35 (2019) 1587-1592. DOI URL
[30]	M. Li, W.L. Ren, Z.M. Ren, X. Li, Y.B. Zhong, K. Deng, Chin. J. Nonferrous Met. 21 (2011) 1292-1298 (in Chinese).
[31]	Y.Y. Khine, J.S. Walker, J. Cryst. Growth 183 (1998) 150-158.
[32]	K.C. Mills, Y. Youssef, Z. Li, Y. Su, ISIJ Int. 46 (5) (2006) 623-632. DOI URL