Magnetic-field-driven reverse martensitic transformation with multiple magneto-responsive effects by manipulating magnetic ordering in Fe-doped Co-V-Ga Heusler alloys

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.05.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Nowadays, searching for the materials with multiple magneto-functional properties and good mechanical properties is vital in various fields, such as solid-state refrigeration, magnetic actuators, magnetic sensors and intelligent/smart devices. In this work, the magnetic-field-induced metamagnetic reverse martensitic transformation (MFIRMT) from paramagnetic martensite to ferromagnetic austenite with multiple magneto-responsive effects is realized in Fe-doped Co-V-Ga Heusler alloys by manipulating the magnetic ordering. The martensitic transformation temperature T_m reduces quasi-linearly with increasing Fe-content. In strikingly contrast with the Fe-free alloys, the magnetization difference (ΔM') across martensitic transformation increases by three orders of magnitude for Fe-doped alloys. The increased ΔM' should be ascribed to the reduction of T_m, almost unchanged Curie temperature of austenite and the increased magnetic moment in the samples with higher Fe-content. The large ΔM' provides strong driving force to realize the MFIRMT and accordingly multiple magneto-responsive effects, such as magnetocaloric, magnetoresistance and magnetostriction effects. Meanwhile, giant Vickers hardness of 518 HV and compressive strength of 1423 MPa are achieved. Multiple magneto-responsive effects with exceptional mechanical properties make these alloys great potential candidates for applications in many fields.

Key words: Magneto-functional properties, Mechanical properties, Ferromagnetic ordering, Reverse martensitic transformation, Multiple magneto-responsive effects, Co-based Heusler alloys

Kai Liu, Shengcan Ma, Yuxi Zhang, Hai Zeng, Guang Yu, Xiaohua Luo, Changcai Chen, Sajjad Ur Rehman, Yongfeng Hu, Zhenchen Zhong. Magnetic-field-driven reverse martensitic transformation with multiple magneto-responsive effects by manipulating magnetic ordering in Fe-doped Co-V-Ga Heusler alloys[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 58: 145-154.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1. (a) The zero-field-cooling (ZFC) and field-cooling (FC) M(T) curves from 10 to 400 K under μ0H = 0.1 T applied field for Co50+xV35-xGa15 (x = 0, 1, 2) alloys. ZFC represents heating M(T) measurements after cooling from RT to low temperature under zero magnetic field. FC denotes the cooling M(T) curves after completing ZFC measurements under an external field. (b) The M(T) curves under the magnetic fields of μ0H = 0.1 T and 5 T for Co51V34Ga15 alloy. The MT/RMT characteristic temperatures (Tm, Tt, $T_{s}^{M}$, $T_{f}^{M}$, $T_{s}^{A}$, $T_{f}^{A}$) and magnetization difference ΔM across RMT are illustrated.

Fig. 2. M(T) curves under μ0H = 0.1 T for Co51-yFeyV34Ga15 (y = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) (a) and for Co51-yFeyV34Ga15 (y = 4.5, 5, 5.5) alloys (b). The inset of (a) shows the zoomed-in image for the curves of y = 2, 3 and 4 samples. The Curie temperature of austenite $T_C^A$ and magnetization difference ΔM' across MT are defined.

Table 1 MT and RMT characteristic temperatures ($T_s^M$, $T_f^M$, $T_s^A$, $T_f^A$, Tt and Tm, with the unit of K), curie temperature of austenite ($T_C^A$, with the unit of K), e/a and magnetization difference across the MT (ΔM', with the unit of Am2 kg-1) under the magnetic field of μ0H = 0.1 T for Co51-yFeyV34Ga15 alloys.

Samples	$T_s^M$ $T_f^M$ $T_s^A$ $T_f^A$ T_t T_m $T_C^A$ ΔM' e/a
y = 0	296 286 309 329 320 290 - 0.01 6.74
y = 2	235 231 244 249 246 240 - 0.03 6.72
y=3	218 213 229 234 232 216 - 0.05 6.70
y=4	181 177 193 196 195 180 - 0.32 6.70
y = 4.5	155 148 165 172 169 153 173 5.91 6.69
y = 5	145 138 159 164 162 142 166 11.7 6.69
y = 5.5	121 97 135 145 140 116 164 16.9 6.68
y = 6	- - - - - - 163 - 6.68

Fig. 3. XANES spectra at Co (a), Fe (b) and V (c) K-edge recorded at RT for FE5 and FE5.5 alloys, respectively. The pre-edge region is shown in the corresponding insets. Pre-edge area calculations (corresponding to 3d EDSs) of FE5 and FE5.5 alloys at K-edge of Co, Fe, and V.

Fig. 4. The initial M(H) curves at selected temperatures for FE4.5 (a), FE5 (b) and FE5.5 (c) samples.

Fig. 5. Magnetic and structural phase diagram for Co51-yFeyV34Ga15 (y = 0, 2, 3, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6) alloy system. Tt, Tm and $T_C^A$ are directly obtained from the experiments of this work.

Fig. 6. Typical BFTEM (a) and HRTEM (b) images for FE5 alloy. The SAED shown in the inset of (a) is obtained from the blue circle, which conforms the L21-type structure of FE5 alloy.

Fig. 7. (a) M(T) curves measured under μ0H = 0.1, 5, and 8.5 T for FE5 specimen, and M(H) curves at selected temperature near Tt (b) and $T_C^A$ (c). The MFIRMT with relatively low μ0Hreq is achieved in the magnetizing process shown in (b). (d) The Arrott plots deriving from M(H) data around Tt. (e) μ0Hreq as a function of temperature. (f) Temperature dependence of isothermal magnetic entropy changes ΔSm(T) curves calculated using the Maxwell relation from M(H) measurements adopting the so-called ‘loop process method’ for FE5 alloy under various field changes (μ0ΔH = 0-1 T, 3 T, 5 T, 7 T, and 8.5 T).

Fig. 8. (a) Heat capacity as a function of temperature and magnetic field for FE5 alloy. The endothermic peaks indicate the occurrence of phase transition. (b) Isothermal magnetic entropy change $ΔS_m^Q$ as a function of temperature and magnetic field deriving from heat capacity data for FE5 alloy. (c) The temperature dependence of ΔTad under different magnetic field changes (μ0ΔH = 0-1 T, 3 T, 5 T, 7 T, and 8.5 T) for FE5 sample.

Fig. 9. Magnetic field-induced strains at representative temperatures (145 K, 154 K, 156 K, and 158 K) around RMT for FE5 sample.

Fig. 10. Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity under magnetic fields of μ0H = 0 and 8.5 T for FE5 alloy. The inset exhibits the temperature dependence of MR curve upon heating.

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