Sacrificial template synthesis of (V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC and carbon fiber@(V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC microrods for efficient microwave absorption

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.10.018

Abstract

Abstract:

The morphology of MAX phase powders significantly influences their microwave absorption properties. However, the traditional synthesis via solid-state reactions produces irregular powders, and the preparation of MAX phase powders with specific morphology remains a challenge. Herein, (V_0.8Ti_0.1Cr_0.1)₂AlC MAX phase microrods were fabricated for the first time in NaCl/KCl molten salts using vanadium, titanium, chromium, aluminum, and short carbon fibers as precursors. It was found that despite acting as a carbon source, carbon fibers also acted as sacrificial templates. By adjusting the molar ratio of metal powders and short carbon fibers, a series of carbon fiber@(V_0.8Ti_0.1Cr_0.1)₂AlC microrods with core-sheath structure were also obtained. Carbon fiber@(V_0.8Ti_0.1Cr_0.1)₂AlC microrods with a molar ratio of 8:2 showed the optimum microwave absorption performance. The reflection loss (RL) value reached up to -63.26 dB at 2.40 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) was about 5.28 GHz with a thickness of 2.02 mm. Based on the electromagnetic parameter analysis and theoretical simulation, the enhanced microwave absorption performance was attributed to the synergistic effect of different factors like dielectric loss, magnetic loss, multiple reflection, and scattering. This work offers a facile route to modulate the morphology of MAX phase powders and may accelerate its application as microwave absorbers.

Key words: MAX phases, Microwave absorption, Sacrificial template, Microrod

Wei Luo, Yi Liu, Chuangye Wang, Dan Zhao, Xiaoyan Yuan, Jianfeng Zhu, Lei Wang, Shouwu Guo. Sacrificial template synthesis of (V_0.8Ti_0.1Cr_0.1)₂AlC and carbon fiber@(V_0.8Ti_0.1Cr_0.1)₂AlC microrods for efficient microwave absorption[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 111: 236-244.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of (V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC and carbon fiber@(V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC microrods.

Table 1. The label and composition of the synthesized samples.

Samples	Molar ratio of raw materials
S100	1.60 V: 0.20 Ti: 0.20 Cr: 1.20 Al: 1 Carbon fiber: 4 NaCl: 4 KCl
S90	1.44 V: 0.18 Ti: 0.18 Cr: 1.08 Al: 1 Carbon fiber: 4 NaCl: 4 KCl
S80	1.28 V: 0.16 Ti: 0.16 Cr: 0.96 Al: 1 Carbon fiber: 4 NaCl: 4 KCl
S70	1.12 V: 0.14 Ti: 0.14 Cr: 0.84 Al: 1 Carbon fiber: 4 NaCl: 4 KCl
S60	0.96 V: 0.12 Ti: 0.12 Cr: 0.72 Al: 1 Carbon fiber: 4 NaCl: 4 KCl

Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of as-prepared (V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC and carbon fiber@(V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC microrods. (c) SEM images and (d) EDX of S100 microrods. The inset in (c) are the corresponding images with higher magnification.

Fig. 3. (a-e) The backscattered electron detector (BSE) images on cross-sections of S100, S90, S80, S70, and S60, respectively. (f) SEM-EDX elemental mapping of S80.

Fig. 4. The reflection loss values of as-prepared (a) S100, (b) S90, (c) S80, (d) S70, and (e) S60 samples.

Fig. 5. 2D color maps of calculated RL for (a) S100, (b) S90, (c) S80, (d) S70, and (e) S60. (f) the minimum RL versus optimal EAB of (V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC and carbon fiber@(V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC microrods.

Table 2. Comparison of microwave absorption performance of S80/paraffin with those of MAX phases or similar composites reported in the literature.

Materials	Matrix	RL_min (dB)	d_min (mm)	Optimal EAB (R_L<-10 dB, GHz)	Ref.
Ti₃AlC₂	Paraffin wax	-31	2.8	4.2	[15]
(Cr_2/3Ti_1/3)₃AlC₂	Paraffin wax	-36.5	2.30	3	[34]
Ti₃SiC₂	Paraffin wax	-33.83	2.00	4.1	[38]
Ti₃SiC₂	Polyimide	-48.6	2.9	3.8	[39]
Ti₃SiC₂	Glass	-47.7	1.4	4.2	[40]
Cr₂AlC	Paraffin wax	-25.09	2.00	2.2	[41]
Ti₃SiC₂/Co₃Fe₇	Paraffin wax	-31.2	2.40	3.1	[42]
Nickel/Ti₃SiC₂	Epoxy resin	-41.2	2.20	3.8	[43]
Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄/Ti₃SiC₂	Epoxy resin	-38.6	1.2	5.3	[44]
S80	Paraffin wax	-63.26	2.40	5.28	This work

Fig. 6. EM parameters of (V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC and carbon fiber@(V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC microrods.

Fig. 7. Cole-Cole curves of as-prepared samples: (a) S100, (b) S90, (c) S80, (d) S70, (e) S60.

Fig. 8. Total charge density maps of (V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC: (a) M layer, (b) A layer, (c) C layer, (d) in the (110) plane; and (e) difference charge density in the (110) plane.

Fig. 9. Schematic illustration of microwave absorption mechanisms of the (V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC and carbon fiber@(V0.8Ti0.1Cr0.1)2AlC microrods.

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Sacrificial template synthesis of (V_0.8Ti_0.1Cr_0.1)₂AlC and carbon fiber@(V_0.8Ti_0.1Cr_0.1)₂AlC microrods for efficient microwave absorption

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