Finite element analysis of effect of interfacial bubbles on performance of epoxy coatings under alternating hydrostatic pressure

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.10.008

Abstract

Abstract:

The stresses around bubbles formed on a coating/substrate interface under hydrostatic pressure (HP) and alternating hydrostatic pressure (AHP) were calculated using the finite element method. The results reveal that HP promotes coating failure but does not mechanically destroy the interface, whereas AHP can provide tensile stress on bubbles formed at the interface and accelerate disbonding of the coating. Because of water resistance, a lag time exists for the coating that serves in an AHP environment. The coating can have a better protective performance if the lag time suits the AHP to minimize the impact of the AHP on the interface.

Key words: Finite element method, Organic coatings, Alternating hydrostatic pressure, Interfacial bubbles, Adhesion

Rui Liu, Li Liu, Wenliang Tian, Yu Cui, Fuhui Wang. Finite element analysis of effect of interfacial bubbles on performance of epoxy coatings under alternating hydrostatic pressure[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 64: 233-240.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1 Properties of epoxy coatings.

Young's modulus, E (Mpa)	Poisson’s ratio, υ	Density, ρ (kg/m³)
1150	0.33	1200

Fig. 1. Schematic of bubble formed on coating/metal interface under applied stress by (a) hydrostatic pressure (HP), and (b) alternating hydrostatic pressure (AHP). For the dry bubble (a) under HP, the internal pressure approaches atmospheric pressure.

Fig. 2. Adhesion test results with immersion time from 0 to 10 d for epoxy glass flake coating/steel samples under atmospheric pressure.

Fig. 3. Stationary calculated stress distribution around a dry bubble formed on coating/metal interface under a HP of 10 MPa by FEM. Overall views and larger versions around bubble of the angles (θ) between the bubble/coating interface and bubble/metal interface are: (a1) and (a2) with 30°, (b1) and (b2) with 60°, (c1) and (c2) with 90°, respectively.

Fig. 4. Stationary calculated stress tensor of y and z component as a function of angle at point A (in Fig. 3(c2)) under 10 MPa HP.

Fig. 5. Time-dependent calculated results of relationship between z component stress tensor and immersion time with 10 MPa AHP in a cycle (24 h) at point A (in Fig. 3(c2)) when Δt =3 h.

Fig. 6. Calculated results of relationship between the maximum z component stress tensor in one AHP cycle and angle under 10 MPa AHP at point A (in Fig. 3 (c2)) when Δt =3 h.

Fig. 7. Time-dependent stress distribution and deformation around a wet bubble formed on the coating/metal interface during one immersion cycle (24 h) under 10 MPa AHP when θ = 90° and Δt =3 h: (a) beginning (0 h) of one AHP cycle, (b) within one AHP cycle for 4 h, (c) within one AHP cycle for 8 h, (d) within one AHP cycle for 12 h, (e) within one AHP cycle for 16 h, and (f) within one AHP cycle for 20 h.

Fig. 8. Calculated results of maximum z component stress tensor in one AHP cycle as a function of the lag time, Δt, under 10 MPa AHP at point A (in Fig. 3(c2)) when θ = 90°.

Fig. 9. (a) Water absorption (Mt/M∞)- t1/2 curves for epoxy glass flake coating measured in experiments under atmospheric pressure (AP) and AHP [16]. (b) Adhesion test results with immersion time of the epoxy flake coating under AP and AHP [16]. (c) Water absorption (Mt/M∞)- t1/2 curves for a commercial coating, as measured in experiments under AP and AHP [17]. (d) Adhesion test results as a function of immersion time for a commercial coating under AP and AHP [17].

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