Anodic Oxidation on Structural Evolution and Tensile roperties of Polyacrylonitrile Based Carbon Fibers with Different Surface Morphology

Abstract

Abstract:

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fibers with different surface morphology were electrochemically treated in 3 wt% NH₄HCO₃ aqueous solution with current density up to 3.47 A/m² at room temperature, and surface structures, surface morphology and residual mechanical properties were characterized. The crystallite size (La) of carbon fibers would be interrupted due to excessive electrochemical etching, while the crystallite spacing (d₀₀₂) increased as increasing current density. The disordered structures on the surface of carbon fiber with rough surface increased at the initial oxidation stage and then removed by further electrochemical etching, which resulting in continuous increase of the extent of graphitization on the fiber surface. However, the electrochemical etching was beneficial to getting ordered morphology on the surface for carbon fiber with smooth surface, especially when the current density was lower than 1.77 A/m². The tensile strength and tensile modulus could be improved by 17.27% and 5.75%, respectively, and was dependent of surface morphology. The decreasing density of carbon fibers probably resulted from the volume expansion of carbon fibers caused by the abundant oxygen functional groups intercalated between the adjacent graphite layers.

Key words: Carbon fibers, Anodic oxidation, Structural evolution, Tensile property, Surface morphology

Zhaorui Li, Jianbin Wang, Yuanjian Tong, Lianghua Xu. Anodic Oxidation on Structural Evolution and Tensile roperties of Polyacrylonitrile Based Carbon Fibers with Different Surface Morphology[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2012, 28(12): 1123-1129.

References

[1 ] S. Chand: J. Mater. Sci., 2000, 35, 1303.

[2 ] B. Lindsay, M.L. Abel and J.F. Watts: Carbon, 2007, 45, 2433.

[3 ] S. Wang, Z.H. Chen, W.J. Ma and Q.S. Ma: Ceram. Int., 2006, 32, 291.

[4 ] J. Mahy, L.W. Jenneskens, O. Grabandt, A. Venema and G.D.B.V. Houwelingen: Surf. Interface Anal., 1994, 21, 1.

[5 ] Z.Wu, C.U. Pittman and S.D. Gardner: Carbon, 1995, 33, 597.

[6 ] M. Ishifune, R. Suzuki, Y. Mima, K. Uchida, N. Yamashita and S. Kashimura: Electrochim. Acta, 2005, 51, 14.

[7 ] C. Pittmanjr, W. Jiang, Z. Yue, S. Gardner, L. Wang, H. Toghiani and C. Leonyleon: Carbon, 1999, 37, 1797.

[8 ] Z. Yue, W. Jiang, L. Wang, S. Gardner and C. Pittmanjr: Carbon, 1999, 37, 1785.

[9 ] Z. Jin, Z. Zhang and L. Meng: Mater. Chem. Phys., 2006, 97, 167.

[10] J. Li: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, 255, 2822.

[11] J. Liu, Y. Tian, Y. Chen, J. Liang, L. Zhang and H. Fong: Mater. Chem. Phys., 2010, 122, 548.

[12] X. Liu, C. Yang and Y. Lu: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2012, 258, 4268.

[13] H. Guo, Y.D. Huang, L.H. Meng, L. Liu, D.P. Fan and D.X. Liu: Mater. Lett., 2009, 63, 1531.

[14] Y. Luo, Y. Zhao, Y. Duan and S. Du: Mater. Des., 2011, 32, 941.

[15] W. Song, A. Gu, G. Liang and L. Yuan: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, 257, 4069.

[16] K. Nakamura, Y. Tanabe, N. Suzuki, M. Kakihana, M. Fukushima, Y. Teranishi, L. Lanticse and E. Yasuda: Surf. Interface Anal., 2005, 37, 1137.

[17] Y.L. Zhang, H.J. Li, X.F. Qiang and K.Z. Li: J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, 26, 1139.

[18] Z. Dai, B. Zhang, F. Shi, M. Li, Z. Zhang and Y. Gu: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, 257, 8457.

[19] H. Guo, Y. Huang, L. Liu and X. Shi: Mater. Des., 2010, 31, 1186.

[20] A. Bismarck, M.E. Kumru, J. Springer and J. Simitzis: Appl. Surf. Sci., 1999, 143, 45.

[21] S. Yumitori and Y. Nakanishi: Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 1996, 27, 1059.

[22] S.R. Dhakate, R.B. Mathur and O.P. Bahl: Carbon, 1997, 35, 1753.

[23] J.W. Je®rey: Methods in X-ray Crystallography, Academie Press, London, 1971, 88.

[24] A. Proctor and P.M.A. Sherwood: Carbon, 1983, 21, 53.

[25] L. Nikiel and P.W. Jagodzinski: Carbon, 1993, 31, 1313.

[26] L.C. Nistor, J. van Landuyt, V.G. Ralchenko, T.V. Kononenko, E.D. Obraztsova and V.E. Strelnitsky: Appl. Phys. A, 1994, 58, 137.

[27] T. Chieu, M. Dresselhaus and M. Endo: Phys. Rev. B, 1982, 26, 5867.

[28] M.A. Montes-Moran, W. Gauthier, A. MartnezAlonso and J.M.D. Tascon: Carbon, 2004, 42, 1275.

[29] V. Arumugam, R.N. Shankar, B.T.N. Sridhar and A.J. Stanley: J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, 26, 725.

[30] H.Y. Zhu, B.C. Wu, D.H. Li, D.X. Zhang and Y.Y. Chen: J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2011, 27, 69.

[1]	Guanglong Li, Yingdong Qu, Yaohua Yang, Qiwen Zhou, Xishi Liu, Rongde Li. Improved multi-orientation dispersion of short carbon fibers in aluminum matrix composites prepared with square crucible by mechanical stirring [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 40(0): 81-87.
[2]	Miao Cao, Qi Zhang, Ke Huang, Xinjian Wang, Botao Chang, Lei Cai. Microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of copper alloy during rheoforging process [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 42(0): 17-27.
[3]	Juan Hou, Wei Chen, Zhuoer Chen, Kai Zhang, Aijun Huang. Microstructure, tensile properties and mechanical anisotropy of selective laser melted 304L stainless steel [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 48(0): 63-71.
[4]	Shifeng Lin, Zhengwang Zhu, Shaofan Ge, Long Zhang, Dingming Liu, Yanxin Zhuang, Huameng Fu, Hong Li, Aimin Wang, Haifeng Zhang. Designing new work-hardenable ductile Ti-based multilayered bulk metallic glass composites with ex-situ and in-situ hybrid strategy [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 50(0): 128-138.
[5]	Liang Chen, Zhi Li, Gangyong Li, Minjie Zhou, Binhong He, Jie Ouyang, Wenyuan Xu, Wei Wang, Zhaohui Hou. A facile self-catalyzed CVD method to synthesize Fe₃C/N-doped carbon nanofibers as lithium storage anode with improved rate capability and cyclability [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 44(0): 229-236.
[6]	Qiang Zhu, Chuanjie Wang, Kai Yang, Gang Chen, Heyong Qin, Peng Zhang. Plastic deformation behavior of a nickel-based superalloy on the mesoscopic scale [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 40(0): 146-157.
[7]	Guoxiang Pan, Feng Cao, Yujian Zhang, Xinhui Xia. N-doped carbon nanofibers arrays as advanced electrodes for supercapacitors [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 55(0): 144-151.
[8]	Hongwang Zhang, Yiming Zhao, Yuhui Wang, Chunling Zhang, Yan Peng. On the microstructural evolution pattern toward nano-scale of an AISI 304 stainless steel during high strain rate surface deformation [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 44(0): 148-159.
[9]	Liang Lan, Xinyuan Jin, Shuang Gao, Bo He, Yonghua Rong. Microstructural evolution and stress state related to mechanical properties of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy modified by laser shock peening [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 50(0): 153-161.
[10]	Y.H. Gao, L.F. Cao, J. Kuang, J.Y. Zhang, G. Liu, J. Sun. Dual effect of Cu on the Al₃Sc nanoprecipitate coarsening [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 37(0): 38-45.
[11]	Guanyi Jing, Wenpu Huang, Huihui Yang, Zemin Wang. Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of 300M steel produced by low and high power selective laser melting [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 48(0): 44-56.
[12]	Liying Zhou, Wenxiong Chen, Shaobo Feng, Mingyue Sun, Bin Xu, Dianzhong Li. Dynamic recrystallization behavior and interfacial bonding mechanism of 14Cr ferrite steel during hot deformation bonding [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 43(0): 92-103.
[13]	Jun Jiang, Pengwan Chen, Weifu Sun. Monitoring micro-structural evolution during aluminum sintering and understanding the sintering mechanism of aluminum nanoparticles: A molecular dynamics study [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 57(0): 92-100.
[14]	Shiwei Ci, Jingjing Liang, Jinguo Li, Yizhou Zhou, Xiaofeng Sun. Microstructure and tensile properties of DD32 single crystal Ni-base superalloy repaired by laser metal forming [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 45(0): 23-34.
[15]	Liying Zhou, Shaobo Feng, Mingyue Sun, Bin Xu, Dianzhong Li. Interfacial microstructure evolution and bonding mechanisms of 14YWT alloys produced by hot compression bonding [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(8): 1671-1680.