A facile self-catalyzed CVD method to synthesize Fe3C/N-doped carbon nanofibers as lithium storage anode with improved rate capability and cyclability

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.11.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Uniform Fe₃C/N-doped carbon nanofibers were successfully synthesized through a facile self-catalyzed CVD method by using acetylene as carbon source and Fe₃O₄ as iron source and autocatalytic template for the reaction under moderate preparation conditions. The experimental and theoretical calculation results demonstrate that Fe₃C can improve the lithium storage performance of carbon nanofibers. Besides, the addition of PPy can not only control the growth rate of carbon fibers but also help to form uniform carbon fibers. As a result, the obtained Fe₃C/N-doped carbon nanofiber composites display favorable electrochemical performance as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, which including satisfactory rate performance of 402 mA h g^-1 under 1.2 A g^-1, and good cycling stability of 502.3 mA h g^-1 under 200 mA g^-1 over 400 cycles. The introduction of Fe₃C species and the uniform carbon fiber morphology are responsible for the long-cycling and high rate performance of materials.

Key words: Self-catalyzed CVD, Fe₃C, N-doped carbon fibers, Anode materials, Lithium-ion batterie

Liang Chen, Zhi Li, Gangyong Li, Minjie Zhou, Binhong He, Jie Ouyang, Wenyuan Xu, Wei Wang, Zhaohui Hou. A facile self-catalyzed CVD method to synthesize Fe₃C/N-doped carbon nanofibers as lithium storage anode with improved rate capability and cyclability[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 44: 229-236.

Figures/Tables 7

Scheme 1 Representation of the synthesis of Fe3C-N-CNFs materials.

Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns, (b) Raman spectra, (c) XPS survey spectra of Fe3C-N-CNFs and N-CNFs. (d) O 1s XPS spectra of Fe3C-N-CNFs.

Fig. 2. SEM (a) and TEM (c) images of Fe3C-N-CNFs. SEM (b) and TEM (d) images of N-CNFs. (e) HRTEM images of Fe3C-N-CNFs and (f) lattice fringes of composites with the inset selected area fast Fourier transform (FFT) patterns of Fe3C.

Fig. 3. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves (the insert picture) of the Fe3C-N-CNFs (a) and N-CNFs (b).

Fig. 4. (a) CV curves of Fe3C-N-CNFs at 0.2 mV s-1. (b) 1st, 2nd and 5th galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of Fe3C-N-CNFs at 200 mA g-1. (c) Rate performance of Fe3C-N-CNFs and N-CNFs at different current densities of 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1200 mA g-1. (d) Nyquist impedence plots of the Fe3C-N-CNFs. (e) Cycling performance of Fe3C-N-CNFs and N-CNFs at current density of 200 mA g-1.

Fig. 5. Kinetic analysis of the Fe3C-N-CNFs and N-CNFs. (a) The cyclic voltammograms of the Fe3C-N-CNFs electrode at various scan rates. (b) Determination of the b value using the relationship between peak current and scan rate. (c) Separation of the capacitive current in the Fe3C-N-CNFs electrode at a scan rate of 1 mV s-1 with the capacitive fraction shown by the shaded region. (d) Relative contribution of the capacitive and diffusion-controlled charge storage at different scan rates.

Fig. 6. (a) Surface model of Fe3C-N-CNFs composite. (b) The density of states (DOS) of Fe3C-N-CNFs, N-CNFs and pure Fe3C. (c) The partial density of states (PDOS) of Fe3C-N-CNFs.

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A facile self-catalyzed CVD method to synthesize Fe₃C/N-doped carbon nanofibers as lithium storage anode with improved rate capability and cyclability

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