Dual effect of Cu on the Al3Sc nanoprecipitate coarsening

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.035

Abstract

Abstract:

It is generally considered that the Al₃Sc nanoprecipitates are highly thermal stable, mainly due to quite slow Sc diffusion in the α-Al matrix. In this paper, we demonstrate in an Al-Cu-Sc alloy that the Cu atoms have dual effect on the coarsening of Al₃Sc nanoprecipitates. On the one hand, the Cu atoms with high diffusivity tend to accelerate the Al₃Sc coarsening, which results from the Cu-promoted Sc diffusion. On the other hand, some Cu atoms will segregate at the Al₃Sc/matrix interface, which further stabilizes the Al₃Sc nanoprecipitates by reducing the interfacial energy. Competition between these two effects is tailored by temperature, which rationalizes the experimental findings that the coarsening kinetics of Al₃Sc nanoprecipitate is greatly boosted at 300 °C-overaging while significantly suppressed at 400 °C-overaging.

Key words: Al alloys, Precipitate coarsening, Interfacial segregation, Microstructural evolution

Y.H. Gao, L.F. Cao, J. Kuang, J.Y. Zhang, G. Liu, J. Sun. Dual effect of Cu on the Al₃Sc nanoprecipitate coarsening[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 37: 38-45.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1. Representative TEM images showing the θ′-Al2Cu precipitates in (a) peak-aged Al-2.5Cu-Sc alloy, and the counterparts overaged at (d) 250?°C, (g) 300?°C and (j) 400?°C for 100?h, respectively. The corresponding HRTEM images in medium column display the (b) Sc-rich entities and the Al3Sc particles with clear crystal structure in (e), (h) and (k), respectively, with corresponding FFT patterns in the top right corners. The right column is the representative proxigrams of Al, Cu and Sc elements across the (c) Sc-rich entities/α-Al interface and Al3Sc/α-Al interface in (f), (i) and (l) after the same treatment showing in the same row, respectively. The insets in proxigrams are the corresponding APT images with dimensions of 20?nm?×?20?nm?×?30?nm. The individual Γi (i = Al, Cu or Sc) are shown in shaded areas in (f), (i) and (j), respectively.

Table 1 Average Cu concentration in the α-Al matrix ($c_{Cu}^{\alpha}$), at Al3Sc/Al interface ($c_{Cu}^{i}$) and within Al3Sc precipitates ($c_{Cu}^{Al_{3}Sc}$) in Al-2.5Cu-Sc alloy after different overaging treatments, respectively.

Overaging temperature (^oC)	$c_{Cu}^{\alpha}$ (at.%)	$c_{Cu}^{i}$ (at.%)	$c_{Cu}^{Al_{3}Sc}$ (at.%)
250	0.12?±?0.01	0.53?±?0.06	0.39?±?0.09
300	0.26?±?0.05	0.54?±?0.13	0.35?±?0.17
400	0.78?±?0.07	1.91?±?0.32	0.14?±?0.08

Fig. 2. Evolution of volume fraction of θ′-Al2Cu precipitate $f_{V}^{\theta'}$ with overaging time t in Al-2.5Cu-Sc alloy at 250?°C, 300?°C and 400?°C, respectively.

Fig. 3. (a) Statistical experimental results on radius of Al3Sc particles $r_{Al_{3}Sc}$ as function of the cube roots of overaging time t1/3 at 250?°C, 300?°C and 400?°C in Al-2.5Cu-Sc alloy, compared with the theoretical estimations by the LSW theory. The ratio of experimental and predicted coarsening parameters k/k0 in present Al-XCu-Sc (X?=?0.5, 1.5, 2.5?wt%) alloys were summarized in (b).

Table 2 Calculated and measured coarsening factors (k0 and k, respectively) for the Al-2.5Cu-Sc alloy overaged at 250?°C, 300?°C and 400?°C, respectively.

Temperature (^oC)	Calculated k₀ (m³/s)	Experimental k (m³/s)
250	4.7?×?10^-33	(3.1?±?0.5)×10^-33
300	7.6?×?10^-33	(5.8?±?0.7)×10^-32
400	1.0?×?10^-29	(1.1?±?0.1)×10^-30

Fig. 4. Dependence of Vickers hardness of the Al-2.5Cu-Sc alloy on the overaging time t at 250?°C, 300?°C and 400?°C, respectively.

Fig. 5. Representative HRTEM images of the Al3Sc particles in the Al-0.5Cu-Sc alloy overaged at 300?°C for (a) 50?h and (b) 200?h, respectively; (c) the third power of average Al3Sc precipitate radius $r_{Al_{3}Sc}^{3}$ as function of the overaging time t in Al-0.5Cu-Sc at 300?°C. The Al-2.5Cu-Sc counterpart and theoretical estimation by the dark yellow dash dot lines are used for comparison in (c).

Fig. 6. Representative TEM images of the Al3Sc particles in the Al-1.5Cu-Sc alloy overaged at 400?°C for (a) 50?h and (b) 200?h, respectively; (c) the third power of average Al3Sc precipitate radius $r_{Al_{3}Sc}^{3}$ as function of the overaging time t in Al-1.5Cu-Sc at 400?°C, comparing with the Al-2.5Cu-Sc counterpart (navy dash lines) and theoretical estimation (dark yellow dash dot lines)..

Fig. 7. Representative HRTEM images of the θ′-Al2Cu plates in Al-2.5Cu-Sc alloy overaged at (a) 300?°C for 200?h and (b, c) 400?°C for 450?h, respectively. The corresponding FFT patterns are given in the top right corners. A representative interfacial Al3Sc phase in the 400?°C-aged Al-2.5Cu-Sc alloy is indicated by hatched arrow in (b).

Fig. 8. The representative 3D-APT maps showing the element distributions of (a) Al, (b) Cu, (c) Sc and (d) Cu with Sc of the Al-2.5Cu-Sc alloy overaged at 400?°C for 100?h.

References

[1]	A.J. Ardell, Metall. Trans. A 16 (1985) 2131-2165.
[2]	I.J. Polmear, Light Alloys: Metallurgy of the Light Metals, (3rd ed.), Eward Arnold, London, 1995.
[3]	J. Zhang, B. Song, Q. Wei, D. Bourell, Y. Shi, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35(2019) 270-284.
[4]	J. Røyset, N. Ryum, Int. Mater. Rev. 50(2005) 19-44.
[5]	M.J. Starink, S.C. Wang, Acta Mater. 51(2003) 5131-5150.
[6]	K.E. Knipling, D.C. Dunand, D.N. Seidman, Z. Für Met. 97(2006) 246-265.
[7]	A. Deschamps, T.J. Bastow, F. de Geuser, A.J. Hill, C.R. Hutchinson, Acta Mater. 59(2011) 2918-2927.
[8]	C.R. Hutchinson, X. Fan, S.J. Pennycook, G.J. Shiflet, Acta Mater. 49(2001) 2827-2841.
[9]	Y. Chen, N. Gao, G. Sha, S.P. Ringer, M.J. Starink, Acta Mater. 109(2016) 202-212.
[10]	S.P. Ringer, K. Hono, Mater. Charact. 44(2000) 101-131.
[11]	S. Fu, Y. Zhang, H. Liu, D. Yi, B. Wang, Y. Jiang, Z. Chen, N. Qi, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 34(2018) 335-343.
[12]	A. Deschamps, F. Livet, Y. Bréchet, Acta Mater. 47(1998) 281-292.
[13]	G. Liu, G.J. Zhang, X.D. Ding, J. Sun, K.H. Chen, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 344 (2003) 113-124.
[14]	D.J. Chakrabarti, D.E. Laughlin, Prog. Mater. Sci. 49(2004) 389-410.
[15]	M.X. Guo, G.J. Li, Y.D. Zhang, G. Sha, J.S. Zhang, L.Z. Zhuang, E.J. Lavernia, Scr. Mater. 159(2019) 5-8.
[16]	J. da Costa Teixeira, D.G. Cram, L. Bourgeois, T.J. Bastow, A.J. Hill, C.R. Hutchinson, Acta Mater. 56(2008) 6109-6122.
[17]	J.F. Nie, B.C. Muddle, Acta Mater. 56(2008) 3490-3501.
[18]	Z. Shen, Q. Ding, C. Liu, J. Wang, H. Tian, J. Li, Z. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 33(2017) 1159-1164.
[19]	P. Ma, C. Liu, Z. Ma, L. Zhan, M. Huang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35(2019) 885-890.
[20]	D.N. Seidman, E.A. Marquis, D.C. Dunand, Acta Mater. 50(2002) 4021-4035.
[21]	C. Booth-Morrison, Z. Mao, M. Diaz, D.C. Dunand, C. Wolverton, D.N. Seidman, Acta Mater. 60(2012) 4740-4752.
[22]	N.Q. Vo, D.C. Dunand, D.N. Seidman, Acta Mater. 63(2014) 73-85.
[23]	T. Dorin, M. Ramajayam, J. Lamb, T. Langan, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 707 (2017) 58-64.
[24]	Y.H. Gao, C. Yang, J.Y. Zhang, L.F. Cao, G. Liu, J. Sun, E. Ma, Mater. Res. Lett. 7(2019) 18-25.
[25]	M. Schöbel, P. Pongratz, H.P. Degischer, Acta Mater. 60(2012) 4247-4254.
[26]	R. Guan, Y. Shen, Z. Zhao, X. Wang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 33(2017) 215-223.
[27]	O.N. Senkov, M.R. Shagiev, S.V. Senkova, D.B. Miracle, Acta Mater. 56(2008) 3723-3738.
[28]	Y.H. Gao, L.F. Cao, C. Yang, J.Y. Zhang, G. Liu, J. Sun, Mater. Today Nano (2019), 100035.
[29]	Y.H. Gao, J. Kuang, G. Liu, J. Sun, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 746 (2019) 11-26.
[30]	C. Booth-Morrison, D.C. Dunand, D.N. Seidman, Acta Mater. 59(2011) 7029-7042.
[31]	M.E. van Dalen, D.N. Seidman, D.C. Dunand, Acta Mater. 56(2008) 4369-4377.
[32]	D. Erdeniz, W. Nasim, J. Malik, A.R. Yost, S. Park, A. De Luca, N.Q. Vo, I. Karaman, B. Mansoor, D.N. Seidman, D.C. Dunand, Acta Mater. 124(2017) 501-512.
[33]	A. De Luca, D.N. Seidman, D.C. Dunand, Acta Mater. 165(2018) 1-14.
[34]	C. Wolverton, Acta Mater. 55(2007) 5867-5872.
[35]	M. Mantina, Y. Wang, L.Q. Chen, Z.K. Liu, C. Wolverton, Acta Mater. 57(2009) 4102-4108.
[36]	E.A. Marquis, D.N. Seidman, Acta Mater. 49(2001) 1909-1919.
[37]	A.K. Niessen, F.R. de Boer, R. Boom, P.F. de Châtel, W.C.M. Mattens, A.R. Miedema, Calphad 7 (1983) 51-70.
[38]	D.L. Gilmore, E.A. Starke, Metall. Mater.Trans. A 28 (1997) 1399-1415.
[39]	P.M. Kelly, A. Jostsons, R.G. Blake, J.G. Napier, Physica Status Solidi A Appl. Res. 31(1975) 771-780.
[40]	J. Gurland, Quantitative Microscopy, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968.
[41]	J.W. Cahn, J. Nutting, Trans. ASME, 215(1959) 526.
[42]	Z.Q. Zheng, W.Q. Liu, Z.Q. Liao, S.P. Ringer, G. Sha, Acta Mater. 61(2013) 3724-3734.
[43]	B.A. Chen, G. Liu, R.H. Wang, J.Y. Zhang, L. Jiang, J.J. Song, J. Sun, Acta Mater. 61(2013) 1676-1690.
[44]	L. Jiang, J.K. Li, G. Liu, R.H. Wang, B.A. Chen, J.Y. Zhang, J. Sun, M.X. Yang, G. Yang, J. Yang, X.Z. Cao, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 637 (2015) 139-154.
[45]	I.M. Lifshitz, V.V. Slyozov, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 19 (1961) 35-50.
[46]	C. Wagner, Z. Elektrochem. 65(1961) 581-591.
[47]	H.A. Calderon, P.W. Voorhees, J.L. Murray, G. Kostorz, Acta Metall. Mater. 42(1994) 991-1000.
[48]	J. Røyset, N. Ryum, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 396 (2005) 409-422.
[49]	S.M.F. Mark Asta, A.A. Quong, Phys. Rev. B 57 (1998) 11265-11275.
[50]	S. Hori, T. Kondo, S. Ikeno, J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 28(1978) 79-84.
[51]	J.L. Murray, Int. Met. Rev. 30(1985) 211-234.
[52]	C. Yang, P. Zhang, D. Shao, R.H. Wang, L.F. Cao, J.Y. Zhang, G. Liu, B.A. Chen, J. Sun, Acta Mater. 119(2016) 68-79.
[53]	G.W. Greenwood, Acta Metall. 4(1956) 243-248.
[54]	X. Zhang, N.Q. Vo, P. Bellon, R.S. Averback, Acta Mater. 59(2011) 5332-5341.
[55]	I.M. Lifshitz, V.V. Slezov, Soviet Phy. Jetp Ussr 8 (1959) 331-339.
[56]	E.A. Marquis, D.N. Seidman, M. Asta, C. Woodward, V. Ozolins, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(2003), 036101.
[57]	S.A. Dregia, P. Wynblatt, Acta Metall. Mater. 39(1991) 771-778.
[58]	A. Biswas, D.J. Siegel, D.N. Seidman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(2010), 076102.
[59]	A. Biswas, D.J. Siegel, C. Wolverton, D.N. Seidman, Acta Mater. 59(2011) 6187-6204.

Dual effect of Cu on the Al₃Sc nanoprecipitate coarsening

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Pengfei Ji, Bohan Chen, Bo Li, Yihao Tang, Guofeng Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Mingzhen Ma, Riping Liu. Influence of Nb addition on microstructural evolution and compression mechanical properties of Ti-Zr alloys [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 69(0): 7-14.
[2]	Yeshun Huang, Xinguang Wang, Chuanyong Cui, Zihao Tan, Jinguo Li, Yanhong Yang, Jinlai Liu, Yizhou Zhou, Xiaofeng Sun. Effect of thermal exposure on the microstructure and creep properties of a fourth-generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 69(0): 180-187.
[3]	Jiachen Zhang, Lin Liu, Taiwen Huang, Jia Chen, Kaili Cao, Xinxin Liu, Jun Zhang, Hengzhi Fu. Coarsening kinetics of γ′ precipitates in a Re-containing Ni-based single crystal superalloy during long-term aging [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 62(0): 1-10.
[4]	Luyan Yang, Shuangming Li, Kai Fan, Yang Li, Yanhui Chen, Wei Li, Deli Kong, Pengfei Cao, Haibo Long, Ang Li. Twin crystal structured Al-10 wt.% Mg alloy over broad velocity conditions achieved by high thermal gradient directional solidification [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 71(0): 152-162.
[5]	Hao Jin, Qing Jia, Quangang Xian, Ronghua Liu, Yuyou Cui, Dongsheng Xu, Rui Yang. Seeded growth of Ti-46Al-8Nb polysynthetically twinned crystals with an ultra-high elongation [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 54(0): 190-195.
[6]	Jun Jiang, Pengwan Chen, Weifu Sun. Monitoring micro-structural evolution during aluminum sintering and understanding the sintering mechanism of aluminum nanoparticles: A molecular dynamics study [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 57(0): 92-100.
[7]	Liang Lan, Xinyuan Jin, Shuang Gao, Bo He, Yonghua Rong. Microstructural evolution and stress state related to mechanical properties of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy modified by laser shock peening [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 50(0): 153-161.
[8]	Guanyi Jing, Wenpu Huang, Huihui Yang, Zemin Wang. Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of 300M steel produced by low and high power selective laser melting [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 48(0): 44-56.
[9]	Miao Cao, Qi Zhang, Ke Huang, Xinjian Wang, Botao Chang, Lei Cai. Microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of copper alloy during rheoforging process [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 42(0): 17-27.
[10]	Hongwang Zhang, Yiming Zhao, Yuhui Wang, Chunling Zhang, Yan Peng. On the microstructural evolution pattern toward nano-scale of an AISI 304 stainless steel during high strain rate surface deformation [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 44(0): 148-159.
[11]	Jianlu Pei, Yefan Li, Chong Li, Zumin Wang, Yongchang Liu, Huijun Li. Microstructure-dependent oxidation behavior of Ni-Al single-crystal alloys [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 52(0): 162-171.
[12]	Zhangping Hu, Yifei Xu, Yuanyuan Chen, Peter Schützendübeb, Jiangyong Wang, Yuan Huang, Yongchang Liu, Zumin Wang. Anomalous formation of micrometer-thick amorphous oxide surficial layers during high-temperature oxidation of ZrAl₂ [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(7): 1479-1484.
[13]	Liu Guoliang, Yang Shanwu, Ding Jianwen, Han Wentuo, Zhou Lujun, Zhang Mengqi, Zhou Shanshan, Misra R.D.K., Wan Farong, Shang Chengjia. Formation and evolution of layered structure in dissimilar welded joints between ferritic-martensitic steel and 316L stainless steel with fillers [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(11): 2665-2681.
[14]	Hailin H, Youping Yi, Shiquan Huang, Yuxun Zhang. An improved process for grain refinement of large 2219 Al alloy rings and its influence on mechanical properties [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(1): 55-63.
[15]	Minghui Cai, Hongshou Huang, Junhua Su, Hua Ding, Hodgson Peter D.. Enhanced tensile properties of a reversion annealed 6.5Mn-TRIP alloy via tailoring initial microstructure and cold rolling reduction [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(8): 1428-1435.