Fig. 1. Hybrid strategy schematic diagram.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns of the as-cast ML-BMGCs with adding different Nb contents.

Fig. 3. (a) SEM macrograph of the ML-BMGCs; (b) the phase map (β-phase is colored red and α-phase is colored blue); (c-e) the enlarged SEM micrographs of Nb2, Nb5 and Nb8.

Fig. 4. Volume fraction of the different crystalline phases for the ML-BMGCs with different Nb microalloying contents.

Fig. 5. EDS line scanning results through the titanium layer of Nb2 (a) and Nb5 (b).

Fig. 6. Change trend of Nb content in the dendrites and the amorphous matrix with adding different Nb contents.

Fig. 7. (a, b) TEM micrographs from the interface between β-Ti phase and α-Ti layer in the titanium layer to the core of the titanium layer; the inset in (a) corresponds to SAED pattern of β-Ti phase in (a); (c) SAED pattern of α-Ti phase in (a) and (b); (d) TEM micrograph of dendrites and the inset corresponds to SEAD pattern of the interface between the dendrites and amorphous matrix.

Fig. 8. Tensile stress-strain curves and strain-hardening rate curves with adding different Nb contents.

Fig. 9. Lateral surface of (a) near fracture, (b) about 1.5 mm away from fracture, and (c) about 2.5 mm away from fracture after the tensile deformation for Nb5; the fracture surface after the tensile deformation for (d) Nb2, (e) Nb5, (f) Nb8.

Fig. 10. Trend of modulus and hardness in (a) the titanium layer for Nb8; (b) the dendrites and amorphous matrix with Nb content.

Fig. 11. (a, b) TEM micrographs of α-Ti layers and (c) the corresponding SEAD pattern; (d) TEM micrograph of the dendrites with the inset showing the SEAD pattern of the dendrites after deformation.

Fig. 12. Variation of specific strength (($\frac{{{\sigma }_{\text{y}}}}{\rho }$, ${{\sigma }_{\text{y}}}$ and $\rho $ are yield strength and density, respectively) with elongation of various bulk metallic glass composites reported in Refs. [3,6,10,[52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61]] (The densities were calculated by $\rho =\underset{i}{\mathop \sum }\,{{C}^{i}}{{M}^{i}}/\underset{i}{\mathop \sum }\,\frac{{{C}^{i}}{{M}^{i}}}{{{\rho }^{i}}}$, where Ci, Mi and ρi are the mole fraction, mole weight and density of element i, respectively.). The data of the present Nb5 and Nb8 composites is also displayed.