Influence of Lithium Oxide Addition on the Sintering Behavior and Electrical Conductivity of Gadolinia Doped Ceria

Abstract

Abstract: Ceria-based electrolytes have been widely researched in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), which might be operated at 500−600°C. Sintering behavior with lithium oxide as sintering additive and electrical conductivity of gadolinia doped ceria (Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O_2-δ, GDC10) electrolyte was studied in this paper by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As the results, the fully dense GDC10 electrolytes are obtained at a low temperature of 800°C with 2.5 mol% Li₂O as sintering additive (called 5LiGDC800). During sintering process, lithium oxides adsorbed by around GDC10 surface help to sinter at 800°C and are kept at the grain boundary of GDC10 in the end. The fine
grains of 100−400 nm and high electrical conductivity of 0.014 S/cm at 600°C in 5LiGDC800 were achieved, which contributed to the lower sintering temperature and enhanced grain boundary conductivity, respectively. Lithium, staying at grain boundary, reduces the depletion of oxygen vacancies in the space charge layers and increases the oxygen vacancy concentration in the grain boundary, which leads to improve the total electrical conductivity of 5LiGDC800.

Key words: Gadolinia doped ceria, Sintering additive, Electrical conductivity

Minfang Han, Ze Liu, Su Zhou, Lian Yu. Influence of Lithium Oxide Addition on the Sintering Behavior and Electrical Conductivity of Gadolinia Doped Ceria[J]. J Mater Sci Technol, 2011, 27(5): 460-464.

References

[1 ] B.C.H. Steele: Solid State Ionics, 2000, 129(1-4), 95.

[2 ] C. Xia and M. Liu: Solid State Ionics, 2001, 144(3-4), 249.

[3 ] Y.J. Leng, S.H. Chan, S.P. Jiang and K.A. Khor: Solid State Ionics, 2004, 170(1-2), 9.

[4 ] K. Eguchi, T. Setoguchi, T. Inoue and H. Arai: Solid State Ionics, 1992, 52(1-3), 165.

[5 ] K. Maca, J. Cihlar, K. Castkova and O. Zmeskal: J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2007, 27(13-15), 4345.

[6 ] J.G. Cheng, S.W. Zha, J. Huang, X.Q. Liu and G.Y. Meng: Mater. Chem. Phys., 2003, 78(3), 791.

[7 ] R.O. Fuentes and R.T. Baker: Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 2008, 33(13), 3480.

[8 ] J. Van Herle, T. Horita, T. Kawada, N. Sakai, H. Yokokawa and M. Dokiya: Solid State Ionics, 1996, 86-88(Part 2), 1255.

[9 ] E. Ruiz-Trejo, J. Santoyo-Salazar and R. Vilchis-Morales: J. Solid State Chem., 2007, 180, 3093.

[10] M. Mori, E. Suda, B. Pacaud, K. Murai and T. Moriga: J. Power Sources, 2006, 157, 688.

[11] V. Gil, C. Moure, P. Duran and J. Tartaj: Solid State Ionics, 2007, 178, 359.

[12] D.P. Fagg, V.V. Kharton and J.R. Frade: J. Electroceram., 2002, 9, 199.

[13] E. Jud and L.J. Gauckler: J. Electroceram., 2005, 15, 159.

[14] C. Kleinlogel and L.J. Gauckler: Adv. Mater., 2001, 13, 1081.

[15] C. Kleinlogel and L.J. Gauckler: Solid State Ionics, 2000, 135, 567.

[16] J.D. Nicholas and L.C. De Jonghe: Solid State Ionics, 2007, 178(19-20), 1187.

[17] J.D. Nicholas and L.C. De Jonghe: Functional Nanoscale Ceramics for Energy Systems, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., eds E. Ivers-Tiffee and S. Barnett, Warrendale, PA, 2007, 1023-JJ05-09.

[18] V. Esposito, M. Zunic and E. Traversa: Solid State Ionics, 2009, 180(17-19), 1069.

[19] M.L. Ruiz, I.D. Lick, M.I. Ponzi, E.R. Castellon, A. Jimrnez-Lopez and E.N. Ponzi: Thermochim. Acta, 2010, 499, 21.

[20] J.D. Nicholas and L.C.D. Jonghe: Mater. Res. Soc., 2007, 1023, 05.

[21] E. Jud, C.B. Huwiler and L.J. Gauckler: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2005, 88(11), 3013.

[22] X. Guo and R. Waser: Prog. Mater. Sci., 2006, 51(2), 151.

[23] M.F. Han, S. Zhou, Z. Liu, Z. Lei and Z.C. Kang: Solid State Ionics, 2011. (in Press)

[1]	Xian-Zong Wang, Hong-Qiang Fan, Triratna Muneshwar, Ken Cadien, Jing-Li Luo. Balancing the corrosion resistance and through-plane electrical conductivity of Cr coating via oxygen plasma treatment [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 61(0): 75-84.
[2]	Thang Q. Tran, Jeremy Kong Yoong Lee, Amutha Chinnappan, W.A.D.M. Jayathilaka, Dongxiao Ji, Vishnu Vijay Kumar, Seeram Ramakrishna. Strong, lightweight, and highly conductive CNT/Au/Cu wires from sputtering and electroplating methods [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 40(0): 99-106.
[3]	J.S. Cha, D.H. Kim, H.Y. Hong, K. Park. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of spark plasma sintered p-type Ca_3-_xY_xCo₄O₉₊_δ systems [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 55(0): 212-222.
[4]	Z.Y. Zhang, L.X. Sun, N.R. Tao. Nanostructures and nanoprecipitates induce high strength and high electrical conductivity in a CuCrZr alloy [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 48(0): 18-22.
[5]	Weiyi Wang, Qinglin Pan, Geng Lin, Xiaoping Wang, Yuqiao Sun, Xiangdong Wang, Ji Ye, Yuanwei Sun, Yi Yu, Fuqing Jiang, Jun Li, Yaru Liu. Microstructure and properties of novel Al-Ce-Sc, Al-Ce-Y, Al-Ce-Zr and Al-Ce-Sc-Y alloy conductors processed by die casting, hot extrusion and cold drawing [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 58(0): 155-170.
[6]	A.V. Pozdniakov, R.Yu. Barkov. Microstructure and mechanical properties of novel Al-Y-Sc alloys with high thermal stability and electrical conductivity [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 36(0): 1-6.
[7]	Yujuan Li, Yingkang Wei, Xiaotao Luo, Changjiu Li, Ninshu Ma. Correlating particle impact condition with microstructure and properties of the cold-sprayed metallic deposits [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 40(0): 185-195.
[8]	Minghe Fang, Xuhai Xiong, Yabin Hao, Tengxin Zhang, Han Wang, Hui-Ming Cheng, You Zeng. Preparation of highly conductive graphene-coated glass fibers by sol-gel and dip-coating method [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(9): 1989-1995.
[9]	Li Liu, Jian-Tang Jiang, Bo Zhang, Wen-Zhu Shao, Liang Zhen. Enhancement of strength and electrical conductivity for a dilute Al-Sc-Zr alloy via heat treatments and cold drawing [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(6): 962-971.
[10]	Lizi Liu, Xianhua Chen, Jingfeng Wang, Liying Qiao, Shangyu Gao, Kai Song, Chaoyue Zhao, Xiaofang Liu, Di Zhao, Fusheng Pan. Effects of Y and Zn additions on electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of Mg-Y-Zn alloys [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(6): 1074-1080.
[11]	J.P. Hou, R. Li, Q. Wang, H.Y. Yu, Z.J. Zhang, Q.Y. Chen, H. Ma, X.M. Wu, X.W. Li, Z.F. Zhang. Three principles for preparing Al wire with high strength and high electrical conductivity [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(5): 742-751.
[12]	Gonçalo L. Sorger, J.P. Oliveira, Patrick L. Inácio, Norbert Enzinger, Pedro Vilaça, R.M. Miranda, Telmo G. Santos. Non-destructive microstructural analysis by electrical conductivity: Comparison with hardness measurements in different materials [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(3): 360-368.
[13]	Sima Kashi, Rahul K. Gupta, Nhol Kao, S. Ali Hadigheh, Sati N. Bhattacharya. Influence of graphene nanoplatelet incorporation and dispersion state on thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of biodegradable matrices [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(6): 1026-1034.
[14]	Baig Umair, Gondal M.A., Ilyas A.M., Sanagi M.M.. Band gap engineered polymeric-inorganic nanocomposite catalysts: Synthesis, isothermal stability, photocatalytic activity and photovoltaic performance [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(6): 547-557.
[15]	Guan Renguo,Shen Yongfeng,Zhao Zhanyong,Wang Xiang. A high-strength, ductile Al-0.35Sc-0.2Zr alloy with good electrical conductivity strengthened by coherent nanosized-precipitates [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(3): 215-223.