J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2022, Vol. 112: 291-300.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.060
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Hongcan Chena, Wei Xub, Qun Luoa,*(
), Qian Lia,c,*(), Yu Zhangd, Jingjing Wangd, Kuo-Chih Choua
Received:2021-07-01
Revised:2021-09-06
Accepted:2021-09-24
Published:2021-12-26
Online:2021-12-26
Contact:
Qun Luo,Qian Li
About author:shuliqian@shu.edu.cn (Q. Li).Hongcan Chen, Wei Xu, Qun Luo, Qian Li, Yu Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Kuo-Chih Chou. Thermodynamic prediction of martensitic transformation temperature in Fe-C-X (X=Ni, Mn, Si, Cr) systems with dilatational coefficient model[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 112: 291-300.
| Steels | C (at.%) | Ni (at.%) | Mn (at.%) | Si (at.%) | Cr (at.%) | HT (K) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe-C | 0.9 | - | - | - | - | - | [ |
| 1.7 | - | - | - | - | |||
| 2.7 | - | - | - | - | |||
| 3.6 | - | - | - | - | |||
| 4.5 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Fe-Ni | - | 4.6 | - | - | - | - | [ |
| - | 9.0 | - | - | - | |||
| - | 17.6 | - | - | - | |||
| Fe-C-Ni | 0.5 | 18.3 | - | - | - | - | [ |
| 0.5 | 9.1 | - | - | - | |||
| 0.5 | 4.3 | - | - | - | |||
| 0.9 | 15.6 | - | - | - | |||
| 0.9 | 7.9 | - | - | - | |||
| 1.0 | 4.1 | - | - | - | |||
| Fe-Mn | - | - | 1.7 | - | - | 1273 | This work |
| - | - | 4.1 | - | - | |||
| - | - | 8.6 | - | - | |||
| Fe-C-Mn | 0.9 | - | 1.3 | - | - | 1173 | This work |
| 0.6 | - | 4.0 | - | - | |||
| 0.7 | - | 7.7 | - | - | |||
| 1.3 | - | 1.6 | - | - | |||
| 1.1 | - | 3.7 | - | - | |||
| 1.4 | - | 5.3 | - | - | |||
| Fe-Si | - | - | - | 0.7 | - | 1373 | This work |
| - | - | - | 1.5 | - | |||
| Fe-C-Si | 0.5 | - | - | 1.2 | - | 1323 | This work |
| 0.5 | - | - | 2.5 | - | |||
| 1.1 | - | - | 1.0 | - | |||
| 0.9 | - | - | 1.4 | - | |||
| Fe-Cr | - | - | - | - | 2.1 | 1323 | This work |
| - | - | - | - | 5.5 | |||
| - | - | - | - | 11.0 | |||
| Fe-C-Cr | 0.4 | - | - | - | 1.7 | 1223 | This work |
| 0.4 | - | - | - | 4.5 | |||
| 0.5 | - | - | - | 7.9 | |||
| 0.9 | - | - | - | 1.6 | |||
| 0.8 | - | - | - | 4.0 | |||
| 1.0 | - | - | - | 6.5 |
Table 1. The actual chemical composition and heating temperature during dilatational measurement for the investigated steels.
| Steels | C (at.%) | Ni (at.%) | Mn (at.%) | Si (at.%) | Cr (at.%) | HT (K) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe-C | 0.9 | - | - | - | - | - | [ |
| 1.7 | - | - | - | - | |||
| 2.7 | - | - | - | - | |||
| 3.6 | - | - | - | - | |||
| 4.5 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Fe-Ni | - | 4.6 | - | - | - | - | [ |
| - | 9.0 | - | - | - | |||
| - | 17.6 | - | - | - | |||
| Fe-C-Ni | 0.5 | 18.3 | - | - | - | - | [ |
| 0.5 | 9.1 | - | - | - | |||
| 0.5 | 4.3 | - | - | - | |||
| 0.9 | 15.6 | - | - | - | |||
| 0.9 | 7.9 | - | - | - | |||
| 1.0 | 4.1 | - | - | - | |||
| Fe-Mn | - | - | 1.7 | - | - | 1273 | This work |
| - | - | 4.1 | - | - | |||
| - | - | 8.6 | - | - | |||
| Fe-C-Mn | 0.9 | - | 1.3 | - | - | 1173 | This work |
| 0.6 | - | 4.0 | - | - | |||
| 0.7 | - | 7.7 | - | - | |||
| 1.3 | - | 1.6 | - | - | |||
| 1.1 | - | 3.7 | - | - | |||
| 1.4 | - | 5.3 | - | - | |||
| Fe-Si | - | - | - | 0.7 | - | 1373 | This work |
| - | - | - | 1.5 | - | |||
| Fe-C-Si | 0.5 | - | - | 1.2 | - | 1323 | This work |
| 0.5 | - | - | 2.5 | - | |||
| 1.1 | - | - | 1.0 | - | |||
| 0.9 | - | - | 1.4 | - | |||
| Fe-Cr | - | - | - | - | 2.1 | 1323 | This work |
| - | - | - | - | 5.5 | |||
| - | - | - | - | 11.0 | |||
| Fe-C-Cr | 0.4 | - | - | - | 1.7 | 1223 | This work |
| 0.4 | - | - | - | 4.5 | |||
| 0.5 | - | - | - | 7.9 | |||
| 0.9 | - | - | - | 1.6 | |||
| 0.8 | - | - | - | 4.0 | |||
| 1.0 | - | - | - | 6.5 |
Fig. 1. Comparison of calculated and experimental magnetic parameters: (a, b) the bcc phase in Fe-Mn system, (c, d) the bcc phase in Fe-Cr system, (e, f) the bcc phase in Fe-Ni system, (g, h) the fcc phase in Fe-Ni system.
Fig. 2. Predicted T0 in (a) Fe-Ni, (b) Fe-Mn, (c) Fe-Cr, (d) Fe-Si systems compared with experimental data.
Fig. 3. Schematic dilatometric curve during thermal cycle, (a) length vs. temperature, and (b) length vs. time.
Fig. 4. Dilatational curves of (a) Fe-Mn, (b) Fe-Cr, (c) Fe-Si, (d) Fe-C-Mn, (e) Fe-C-Cr, (f) Fe-C-Si alloys.
Fig. 5. OM images of (a-c) Fe-Cr (d-f) Fe-Mn (g-h) Fe-Si (i) Fe-C-Si alloys.
Fig. 6. XRD pattern of (a) Fe-Mn and Fe-Cr alloys, and (b) Fe-C-Mn alloy.
Fig. 7. Comparison of calculated results by three methods SVR, LR, and CFF: (a-c) calculated $\frac{\text{ }\!\!\Delta\!\!\text{ }L}{L}$ vs. experimental, (d-f) calculated $\frac{\text{ }\!\!\Delta\!\!\text{ }L}{L}-{{x}_{\text{C}}}$ at 300 K, 500 K, 800 K, and (g-i) predicted Ms in Fe-C system.
Fig. 8. Comparison of predicted Ms curves and experimental in (a) Fe-Ni (b) Fe-Mn (c) Fe-Cr (d) Fe-Si binary system by different thermodynamics models (there are no experimental data of Ms in Fe-Si system because it was not found in the literature).
Fig. 9. Predicted Ms in (a) Fe-C-Mn (b) Fe-C-Cr (c) Fe-C-Si system, and (d) the experimental Ms vs. predicted Ms in Fe-C-X (X= Ni, Mn, Si, Cr) by three models.
Fig. 10. Calculated Ms in Fe-C-Mn-Si-X (X=Cr, Ni) multicomponent system.
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