Theoretical and experimental study of phase transformation and twinning behavior in metastable high-entropy alloys

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.05.037

Abstract

Abstract:

Combined theoretical and experimental efforts are put forward to study the critical factors influencing deformation mode transitions in face-centered cubic materials. We revisit the empirical relationship between the stacking fault energy (SFE) and the prevalent deformation mechanism. With ab initio calculated SFE, we establish the critical boundaries between various deformation modes in the model Cr-Co-Ni solid solution alloys. Satisfying agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental observations are reached. Our findings shield light on applying quantum mechanical calculations in designing transformation-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity mechanisms for achieving advanced mechanical properties.

Key words: Metastable alloys, Stacking fault energy, Twinning, Martensitic transformation, Co-Cr-Ni alloys

Zhibiao Yang, Song Lu, Yanzhong Tian, Zijian Gu, Jian Sun, Levente Vitos. Theoretical and experimental study of phase transformation and twinning behavior in metastable high-entropy alloys[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 99: 161-168.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1. Orientation dependent EEBs for SF formation, twinning, and full dislocation slip in positive-SFE (a) (Cr20Co20Ni60,, $\gamma _{isf}^{fcc}=38$mJ/m2) and negative-SFE (b) (Cr36Co36Ni28, $\gamma _{isf}^{fcc}=-38$mJ/m2) alloys.

Fig. 2. (Color online) Predicted deformation mode boundaries for cTW/TMT and TMT/DIMT.

Fig. 3. (Color online) Calculated $\gamma _{isf}^{fcc}$and $\delta =-\gamma _{isf}^{fcc}/\gamma _{usf}^{fcc}$values for metastable alloys [11], where the experimentally observed TWIP and TRIP effects are indicated [3, 4, 6, [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]].

Fig. 4. (Color online) XRD profiles of the three Cr-Co-Ni alloys before and after tensile tests.

Fig. 5. (Color online) Deformation microstructures at specified strains during tensile tests for the three Cr-Co-Ni alloys. (a-d) Cr36Co36Ni28 alloy, (e-h) CrCoNi alloy, (i-l) Cr30Co30Ni40 alloy.

Fig. 6. (Color online) EBSD images of deformation microstructures of the Cr36Co36Ni28 alloy tensioned to specified strains. (a-d) image quality maps, (e-h) phase maps consisting of fcc and hcp phases. Phase fraction of hcp phase is indicated by fHCP.

Fig. 7. (Color online) Deformation microstructures at specified strains during tensile tests for the TRIP Cr36Co36Ni28 alloy.

Fig. 8. (Color online) Tensile engineering stress-strain curves of our TWIP and TRIP Cr-Co-Ni alloys (a), in comparison with other TWIP and TRIP MEAs and HEAs in literature [6, 8, 25, 28, 29] shown in (b). The insert figure in (a) is a typical recrystallized microstructure for Cr36Co36Ni28 MEA. (c) Strain-hardening curves of our Cr-Co-Ni alloys in the initial stage of tensile tests.

Table 1 Calculated $\gamma _{isf}^{fcc}$, $\gamma _{usf}^{fcc}$ and $\delta =-\gamma _{isf}^{fcc}/\gamma _{usf}^{fcc}$for metastable alloys at room temperature. The reported deformation modes are from Refs. [3, 4, 6, [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]].

Alloys (at.%)	Magnetism	$\gamma _{isf}^{fcc}$	$\gamma _{usf}^{fcc}$	δ	Deformation mode
Co	FM	112	329	34%	DIMT[20]
Co₇₀Ni₃₀	FM	-40	353	11.3%	DIMT[21]
Cr₁₅Co₅₅Ni₃₀ (T3)	FM (T_c=385 K [11])	-49	345	14.2%	DIMT [3]
Cr₁₅Co₅₀Ni₃₅ (T4)	FM	-27	346	7.8%	DT [3]
Cr₁₅Co₄₅Ni₄₀ (T5)	FM	-17	348	4.9%	DT [3]
Cr₁₅Co₄₀Ni₄₅ (T6)	FM	-8	350	2.3%	DT [3]
Cr₃₀Co₃₀Ni₄₀ (present)	PM	-7	346	2.0%	DT
CrCoNi (present)	PM	-24	339	6.9%	DT [4]
Cr₃₆Co₃₆Ni₂₈ (present)	PM	-38	340	11.2%	DIMT
Cr₂₀Co₆₀Ni₂₀	FM	-85	333	26%	DIMT [19]
Cr₃₀Co₄₀Ni₃₀	PM	-23	359	6.4%	DT [19]
Cr₄₀Co₂₀Ni₄₀	PM	-18	308	5.8%	DT [19]
Co₆₅Cr₂₉Mo₆	PM	-85	327	26%	DIMT [22]
Cr₂₅Fe₃₀Co₂₀Ni₂₅	PM	-2	291	0.7%	DT [23]
Cr₂₅Fe₂₀Co₃₀Ni₂₅	PM	-10	304	3.3%	DT [23]
Cr₂₅Fe₁₅Co₃₅Ni₂₅	PM	-14	311	4.5%	DT [23]
Cr₂₅Fe₃₀Co₃₅Ni₁₀	PM	-35	290	12.1%	DIMT [24]
Cr₂₅Fe₃₅Co₃₅Ni₅	PM	-41	292	14.4%	DIMT [24]
Cr₂₅Fe₄₀Co₃₅Ni₀	PM	-49	295	16.6%	DIMT [24]
Cr₂₅Fe₂₀Co₃₅Ni₁₅	PM	-16	305	5.2%	DT [25]
Cr₂₅Fe₁₅Co₄₅Ni₁₅	PM	-36	312	11.5%	DIMT [25]
Cr₁₀Mn₃₀Fe₅₀Co₁₀	PM	-31	281	11%	DIMT [26]
Cr₁₀Mn₄₀Fe₄₀Co₁₀	PM	-8	262	3.1%	DT [6]
CrMnFeCoNi	PM	-6	280	2.1%	DT [27]
Cr₂₀Mn₁₅Fe₁₅Co₃₅Ni₁₅	PM	-23	290	7.9%	DT [28]
Cr₂₅Mn₁₅Fe₁₀Co₃₅Ni₁₅	PM	-39	286	13.6%	DIMT [28]
Cr₂₀Mn₂₀Fe₂₀Co₂₃Ni₁₇	PM	-11	275	4%	DT [29]
Cr₂₀Mn₂₀Fe₂₀Co₃₀Ni₁₀	PM	-32	284	11.2%	DIMT [29]

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