J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 94: 104-112.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.02.065
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Chenxi Zhaoa,1, Yang Lia,1, Jin Xub, Qun Luoa, Ying Jiangb, Qiling Xiaob, Qian Lia,b,*(
)
Received:2020-12-27
Revised:2021-02-11
Accepted:2021-02-21
Published:2021-12-20
Online:2021-05-18
Contact:
Qian Li
About author:*State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 2004 4 4,China. E-mail address: shuliqian@shu.edu.cn (Q. Li).1These authors contributed equally to this work.
Chenxi Zhao, Yang Li, Jin Xu, Qun Luo, Ying Jiang, Qiling Xiao, Qian Li. Enhanced grain refinement of Al-Si alloys by novel Al-V-B refiners[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 94: 104-112.
Fig. 1. Weight fraction of refining phase as a function of V:B mass ratio in Al-10Si-0.1V-(0.1/x)B (x = 0.1-10) system.
Fig. 2. Variation of element concentrations in AlB2-type diboride with the increase of V:B ratio in Al-10Si/Al-V-B system.
Fig. 3. Mismatch between potential refining phase and α-Al: (a) interatomic misfit fr; (b) interplanar misfit fd.
Fig. 4. XRD patterns of the as prepared Al-V-B master alloys with Rietveld refinement result: (a) Al-3V-3B; (b) Al-5V-B.
Fig. 5. (a, b) Micro-morphologies of the Al-3V-3B master alloy; (c, d) micro-morphologies of the Al-5V-B master alloy.
Fig. 6. Grain structures of the Al-10Si ingots with/without Al-V-B refiners: (a) without inoculation; (b) with 600 ppm V Al-3V-3B; (c) with 1000 ppm V Al-5V-B, (d) the average grain size of Al with different addition amount of V.
Fig. 7. (a, b) SEM images of Al-10Si/Al-3V-3B ingot; (c) high angle annular dark field (HAADF) image of the nucleation particles in the Al-10Si-0.06V-0.06B; (d) SAED pattern; (e-h) EDS mapping of Al; B; Si and V.
Fig. 8. (a, b) SEM images of Al-10Si/Al-5V-B ingot; (c) HAADF image of the nucleation particles in the Al-10Si-0.1V-0.02B ingot; (d) SAED pattern; (e-h) EDS mappings of Al, B, Si, and V.
Fig. 9. Atomic structures of the (0 0 0 1) VB2/α-Al interface in the Al-10Si-0.1V-0.02B ingot: (a) (0 0 0 1) VB2/α-Al; (b) ($10\bar{1}0$) VB2/α-Al; (c) ($11\bar{2}0$) VB2/α-Al.
Fig. 10. Calculated phase evolution in Al-10Si-0.06V-0.06B during the Lever solidification.
Fig. 11. (a) HAADF image of the AlB2/α-Al interface; (b) EDS mapping of Si.
Fig. 12. Schematic of the (0 0 0 1)[$11\bar{2}0$] VB2/(1 1 1)[110] α-Al supercells.
| Supercell | Orientation relations | Lattice parameters(Å) | Number of atoms in the supercell | k-points | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al | M* | B | ||||
| (0 0 0 1) VB2/(1 1 1) Al | (0 0 0 1)[1 1-2 0] VB2/(1 1 1)[1 1 0] α-Al | a = b = 3.03c = 52.5α=β=90°γ=120° | 10 | 9 | 16 | 8 × 8 × 1 |
| (0 0 0 1) AlB2/(1 1 1) Al | (0 0 0 1)[1 1-2 0] VB2/(1 1 1)[1 1 0] α-Al | a = b = 3.03c = 52.5α=β=90°γ=120° | 19 | 0 | 16 | 8 × 8 × 1 |
| (0 0 0 1) TiB2/(1 1 1) Al | (0 0 0 1)[1 1-2 0] VB2/(1 1 1)[1 1 0] α-Al | a = b = 3.03c = 52.5α=β=90°γ=120° | 10 | 9 | 16 | 8 × 8 × 1 |
| (0 0 0 1) NbB2/(1 1 1) Al | (0 0 0 1)[1 1-2 0] VB2/(1 1 1)[1 1 0] α-Al | a = b = 3.03c = 52.5α=β=90°γ=120° | 10 | 9 | 16 | 8 × 8 × 1 |
Table 1 Details of the interfacial supercells.
| Supercell | Orientation relations | Lattice parameters(Å) | Number of atoms in the supercell | k-points | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al | M* | B | ||||
| (0 0 0 1) VB2/(1 1 1) Al | (0 0 0 1)[1 1-2 0] VB2/(1 1 1)[1 1 0] α-Al | a = b = 3.03c = 52.5α=β=90°γ=120° | 10 | 9 | 16 | 8 × 8 × 1 |
| (0 0 0 1) AlB2/(1 1 1) Al | (0 0 0 1)[1 1-2 0] VB2/(1 1 1)[1 1 0] α-Al | a = b = 3.03c = 52.5α=β=90°γ=120° | 19 | 0 | 16 | 8 × 8 × 1 |
| (0 0 0 1) TiB2/(1 1 1) Al | (0 0 0 1)[1 1-2 0] VB2/(1 1 1)[1 1 0] α-Al | a = b = 3.03c = 52.5α=β=90°γ=120° | 10 | 9 | 16 | 8 × 8 × 1 |
| (0 0 0 1) NbB2/(1 1 1) Al | (0 0 0 1)[1 1-2 0] VB2/(1 1 1)[1 1 0] α-Al | a = b = 3.03c = 52.5α=β=90°γ=120° | 10 | 9 | 16 | 8 × 8 × 1 |
Fig. 13. Interfacial energies of MB2/α-Al (M = V, Al, Ti, and Nb).
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