Effect of Ni on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of MgGd1Nix alloys for fracturing ball applications

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.02.043

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of Ni addition on the mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, and corrosion mechanism of MgGd1Nix alloys have been investigated by compressive tests, weight loss, hydrogen evolution, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the constitution of the second phase is large dependence on Ni/Gd molar ratios, which can transform from LPSO(long-period stacking ordered)+Mg5Gd, LPSO to eutectic phase. In addition, with increasing Ni/Gd molar ratios, the content of second phase increases gradually, while the LPSO phase shows a parabola relationship. Furthermore, the formation of Ni-containing LPSO phase not only can improve the strength but also accelerate the degradation of Mg alloys owing to the galvanic corrosion. The optimal properties with ultimate compressive strength, degradation rate are 340 MPa, 2066 mm/y for MgGd1Ni0.75, respectively, which can meet the engineering application standard of fracturing ball and can be used as candidate materials for fracturing ball.

Key words: MgGd₁Ni_x alloys, LPSO, Galvanic corrosion, Fracturing ball

Kai Ma, Shijie Liu, Chaoneng Dai, Xiuying Liu, Jie Ren, Yuanlang Pan, Yinhong Peng, Chen Su, Jingfeng Wang, Fusheng Pan. Effect of Ni on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of MgGd₁Ni_x alloys for fracturing ball applications[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 91: 121-133.

Figures/Tables 24

Table 1. Chemical compositions of MgGd1Nix alloys.

Alloy		Compositions (wt.%)
Alloy		Mg	Ni	Gd
Ni0.38	Mg-Gd₁-Ni_0.38	Bal	0.788	6.644
Ni0.75	Mg-Gd₁-Ni_0.75	Bal	1.66	6.753
Ni2.25	Mg-Gd₁-Ni_2.25	Bal	5.024	5.782

Fig. 1. SEM microstructures of Ni0.38 (a, d), Ni0.75 (b, e), Ni2.25 (c, f).

Table 2. EDS results (at.%) in Fig. 1.

Atoms	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Mg	86.60	98.73	94.19	95.26	95.39	90.22	83.61
Ni	-	0.09	2.22	1.95	2.03	5.99	12.54
Gd	13.40	1.18	3.59	2.79	2.58	3.78	3.85

Fig. 2. XRD patterns of as-cast MgGd1Nix alloys.

Fig. 3. DSC curves of MgGd1Nix alloys.

Fig. 4. The volume fraction of second phase and LPSO in MgGd1Nix alloys.

Fig. 5. Compressive stress-strain curves of as-cast MgGd1Nix alloys.

Table 3. Mechanical properties of as-cast MgGd1Nix alloys.

Alloy	UCS(MPa)	CYS(MPa)
Ni0.38	213	92
Ni0.75	340	128
Ni2.25	355	126

Fig. 6. Compressive fracture morphology of as-cast MgGd1Nix alloys: (a, d) Ni0.38; (b, e) Ni0.75; (c, f) Ni2.25.

Fig. 7. Hydrogen evolution volume (a), weight loss rate and hydrogen evolution rate (b) of MgGd1Nix alloys.

Fig. 8. Polarization curves (a), Ecorr and icorr (b) of MgGd1Nix alloys.

Fig. 9. EIS and equivalent circuit of MgGd1Nix alloys.

Table 4. Fitting results of the EIS spectra.

	Ni0.38	Ni0.75	Ni2.25
R_s (Ω cm²)	14.81	14.39	14.13
C₁ (F)	6.314 × 10^-6	1.183 × 10^-5	6.838 × 10^-6
R_ct (Ω cm²)	15.16	4.723	12.23
C₂ (F)	6.265 × 10^-6	9.822 × 10^-5	1.84 × 10^-6
R_f (Ω cm²)	43.76	3.756	25.91
L (H)	61.25	13.09	0.4728
R_L (Ω cm²)	58.45	20.1	135.2

Fig. 10. The value of 1/Rp with MgGd1Nix alloys.

Fig. 11. In-situ optical images showing the corrosion propagation on the surface of MgGd1Nix alloys.

Fig. 12. SEM surface morphology of Ni0.38 (a-c), Ni0.75 (d-f) and Ni2.25 (g-m) after removing the corrosion products.

Fig. 13. Cross-section morphologies of MgGd1Nix alloys.

Fig. 14. The EDS results of Ni0.75 (a), Ni2.25 (b) immersing for 5 s, 5 min.

Fig. 15. XRD patterns of corrosion product on as-cast MgGd1Nix alloys.

Fig. 16. XPS results of corrosion products on Ni0.75 alloys: (a) whole spectra, (b) O 1s, (c) Mg 1s, (d) Gd 4d.

Fig. 17. Element map distributions of Ni0.75.

Fig. 18. Schematic diagram of surface product film formation.

Fig. 19. Schematic of the corrosion mechanism of MgGd1Nix alloys.

Fig. 20. Comparison of degradation rate, UCS between MgGd1Nix alloys and other degradable Mg alloys.

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Effect of Ni on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of MgGd₁Ni_x alloys for fracturing ball applications

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