J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 84: 124-132.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.11.073
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Ning Liua, Heng Maa, Lu Wanga, Yan Zhaoa,*(
), Zhumabay Bakenovb, Xin Wangc,*()
Received:2020-09-16
Revised:2020-11-22
Accepted:2020-11-27
Published:2021-09-10
Online:2021-02-05
Contact:
Yan Zhao,Xin Wang
About author:wangxin@scnu.edu.cn (X. Wang).Ning Liu, Heng Ma, Lu Wang, Yan Zhao, Zhumabay Bakenov, Xin Wang. Dealloying-derived nanoporous deficient titanium oxide as high-performance bifunctional sulfur host-catalysis material in lithium-sulfur battery[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 84: 124-132.
Fig. 1. (a) Schematics of synthesis route of S/TiO2-x. (b) Backscattered electron micrograph, (c) Ti element, and (d) Al element distributions of Ti10Al90 ribbons.
Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns, (b) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, (c) pore size distribution, (d) XPS spectra and (e) EPR of TiO2-x, TiO2, A and TiO2. (f) TGA curves of S/TiO2-x.
Fig. 3. (a) SEM image, (b) TEM image, (c) colored TEM image, (d) HRTEM image, fast Fourier transform (FFT) pattern in selected area and inverse FFT images of TiO2-x. (e-g) Element distribution mapping images for Ti and O of TiO2-x.
Fig. 4. (a) Cyclic voltammetry (CV) sweep at various potential scan rates of S/TiO2-x cathode. (b) Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of S/TiO2-x at 0.2 C. (c) Cycling performance and Coulombic efficiency of S/TiO2, S/TiO2, A and S/TiO2-x cathodes. (d) Rate capacities of S/TiO2, S/TiO2, A and S/TiO2-x cathodes. (e) Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of S/TiO2-x at various cycling rates. (f) Nyquist plots before and after the 100th discharge for S/TiO2, S/TiO2, A and S/TiO2-x cathodes. (g) Long-term cycling performance and Coulombic efficiency at 1 C of S/TiO2, S/TiO2, A and S/TiO2-x cathodes. (h) Specific capacity of S/TiO2-x with different areal sulfur loadings.
Fig. 5. (a) Cyclic voltammograms of symmetric cells with identical electrodes of TiO2-x, TiO2, A and TiO2 in electrolytes with 0.2 M Li2S6 at 4 mV s-1. (b) Multi-cycle voltammograms of TiO2-x symmetric cell at 4 mV s-1. (c) Electrochemical impedance spectra of symmetric cells. (d) Cyclic voltammograms of TiO2-x symmetric cell at different scan rates. (e) Potentiostatic discharge curves of Li2S8/tetraglyme solution at 2.05 V on different surfaces. (f) Calculated lithium ion diffusion coefficient for electrodes at various stages.
Fig. 6. XPS spectra of (a) Ti 2p and (b) S 2p before and after 100 cycles. (c) Ex-situ adsorption measurement (Li2S6 solution, Li2S6 + TiO2, Li2S6 + TiO2, A, Li2S6 + TiO2-x powder) at different stages: initial, 4 h, and 8 h. (d) Adsorption configuration of lithium polysulfide (Li2S6) and TiO2-x. (e) Schematic illustration of lithium polysulfides conversion on surface of TiO2-x. (f) Photograph of LEDs with an “HEBUT” pattern powered by cells with S/TiO2-x cathode.
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