Mechanical property and structural changes by thermal cycling in phase-separated metallic glasses

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.10.050

Abstract

Abstract:

Nondestructive cryogenically thermal cycling has been a simple but effective treatment to enhance mechanical properties of glassy materials. However, how the structural heterogeneities on nanometer scales are affected by thermal cycling is still an issue. Here, we report the response of spatial heterogeneities in three selected Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6, Zr56Co14Cu14Al16 and Zr42Y14Co22Al22 (at.%) metallic glasses (MGs) with different compositions to the thermal cycling, which show significantly different structure and properties after the same treatments and could be ascribed to the joint contribution of relaxation and rejuvenation induced by thermal cycling. The rejuvenation is initially prevailed in a Zr-Y-containing MG, whereas the relaxation is dominant in a Cu-Co-containing MG, both eventually entering into a dynamic equilibrium state. By employing nanometer-scale structural models, the intrinsic correlation between the spatial heterogeneity and thermal cycling is proposed. The discovery could provide the fundamental understanding of the role of spatial heterogeneity in influencing the macroscopic properties of MGs via thermal cycling and help design high-performance glassy materials by tailoring their atomic structures with suitable thermal treatments.

Key words: Thermal cycling, Metallic glass, Spatial heterogeneity, Relaxation, Rejuvenation

Y. Tang, H.B. Xiao, X.D. Wang, Q.P. Cao, D.X. Zhang, J.Z. Jiang. Mechanical property and structural changes by thermal cycling in phase-separated metallic glasses[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 78: 144-154.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1. (a) Cryogenic thermal cycling procedure of metallic glass. Samples are cycled from hot water temperature (373K) to liquid nitrogen temperature (77K). At each end the holding time is 2min. (b) Schematic drawing of internal stresses with the application of thermal cycling. Due to the heterogeneous structure (Orange and green regions indicate different phases), the thermal expansion coefficient varies locally. When temperature is changed, the variations in thermal expansion or shrinkage cause internal stresses. The arrows in orange and green areas indicate compressive and tensile stresses.

Fig. 2. (a) Density values, (b) Micro Vickers hardness values, (c) Young’s modulus and (d) shear modulus values as a function of cycle numbers for the three MGs.

Fig. 3. DSC curves of the as cast and as cycled samples for (a) Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6, (b) Zr42Y14Co22Al22 and (c) Zr56Co14Cu14Al16. The illustration above the DSC curves in (a) is an enlarged view of the region represented exothermic event. The relationships between calculated structural relaxation enthalpy and cycle numbers for these three systems are shown in the inset.

Fig. 4. Compressive true stress-true strain curves of the as cast and as cycled samples for (a) Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6 and (c) Zr56Co14Cu14Al16 MGs. (b) The stress-deflection curves of the as cast and as cycled samples for Zr42Y14Co22Al22 MG.

Fig. 5. Statistical variations in distribution of the apparent Young’s modulus at as cast and as-cycled samples: (a) Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6, (b) Zr42Y14Co22Al22 and (c) Zr56Co14Cu14Al16.

Fig. 6. Structure factors S(q) and pair correlation functions g(r) of the as cast and as-cycled sample: (a, b) Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6, (c, d) Zr42Y14Co22Al22 and (e, f) Zr56Co14Cu14Al16. The arrow indicates the change of peak position. Two Gaussian formulas are combined to fit the shoulder and the main peak for Zr42Y14Co22Al22 and Zr56Co14Cu14Al16.

Fig. 7. SAXS results of the as cast and as cycled samples: (a) Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6, (b) Zr42Y14Co22Al22 and (c) Zr56Co14Cu14Al16. The solid lines are the fitting results by power-law. Inset shows the corresponding Porod correction curve.

Fig. 8. STEM images with the corresponding selected-area-diffraction patterns of the as cast and as-cycled samples: (a-c) Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6, (d-f) Zr42Y14Co22Al22 and (g-i) Zr56Co14Cu14Al16.

Fig. 9. Schematic illustration of the microstructure around a liquid-like region for the (a) as-cast, (b) sample treated by thermal cycling. (red sphere=loosely packed atom, yellow sphere=less loosely packed atom, light blue sphere=less densely packed atom, and dark blue sphere=densely packed atom).

Fig. 10. Correlation map during thermal cycling. The evolution of liquid-like zones, scale of heterogeneity, atomic structure and energy landscape with cycling are established based on (a) Zr42Y14Co22Al22 and (b) Zr56Co14Cu14Al16.

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