Thermally stable ultrafine grained copper induced by CrB/CrB2 microparticles with surface nanofeatures via regular casting

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.03.052

Abstract

Abstract:

Ultrafine-grained (UFG)/nanocrystalline materials possess novel properties. Refining as-solidified grains of metals to the ultrafine and even nanometer scale by nanoparticles via slow cooling has been recently discovered. Here, we report that microparticles (CrB and CrB₂) with surface nanofeatures can also enable ultrafine/nano grains via slow cooling. CrB/CrB₂ microparticles, formed by coalescence of nanoparticles in Cu matrix, display surface nanofeatures, which induce substantial grain refinement and stabilization down to the ultrafine/nano scale. The UFG Cu/CrB and Cu/CrB₂ samples exhibit exceptional thermal stability, comparable to UFG Cu induced by nanoparticles, without coarsening after annealing at 600 ℃ for 1 h. The microhardness, strengths, and Young’s moduli of the Cu/CrB and Cu/CrB₂ samples are significantly enhanced over pure Cu. This discovery has great potential to advance the mass production UFG/nanocrystalline for widespread applications.

Key words: Copper, Microparticles with nanofeatures, Casting, Ultrafine grains, Thermal stability

Gongcheng Yao, Chezheng Cao, Shuaihang Pan, Jie Yuan, Igor De Rosa, Xiaochun Li. Thermally stable ultrafine grained copper induced by CrB/CrB₂ microparticles with surface nanofeatures via regular casting[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 58: 55-62.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. Microstructure and phase analysis of Cu containing CrB and CrB2 microparticles. (a, b) SEM images of Cu/4.2 vol.% CrB. (c) XRD patterns of Cu/4.2 vol.% CrB. (d, e) SEM images of Cu/16.7 vol.% CrB. (f) XRD patterns of Cu/16.7 vol.% CrB. (g, h) SEM image of Cu/15.1 vol.% CrB2. (i) XRD patterns of Cu/15.1 vol.% CrB2.

Fig. 2. As-solidified bulk UFG/nanocrystalline Cu containing CrB and CrB2 under regular cooling. FIB image of (a) particle-rich zone in Cu/4.2 vol.% CrB, (c) typical Cu/16.7 vol.% CrB, and (e) typical Cu/15.1 vol.% CrB2 revealing grain structures with grain size distributions in (b), (d), and (f), respectively.

Fig. 3. UFG/nanocrystalline Cu induced by microparticles with surface nanofeatures. (a) EBSD mapping of Cu/16.7 vol.% CrB, with (b) corresponding IPF coloring. (c) DSC cooling curves of Cu/16.7 vol.% CrB and pure Cu. (d) Morphology of extracted CrB microparticles from Cu/16.7 vol.% CrB. (e) Magnified image of the boxed area in (d) displaying nanofeatures. (f) Extracted CrB microparticles without surface nanofeatures from Cu with micro-sized grains shown as the inset.

Fig. 4. Thermal stability of UFG/nanocrystalline Cu/CrB and Cu/CrB2. FIB image of (a) Cu/16.7 vol.% CrB after annealing at 600 ℃ for 1 h, (c) Cu/15.1 vol.% CrB2 after annealing at 600 ℃ for 1 h, (e) Cu/15.1 vol.% CrB2 after hot forging at 1000 ℃, with (b), (d), and (f) representing grain size distributions, respectively. (g) Summary of Cu matrix grain size as a function of different thermal conditions.

Fig. 5. Enhanced mechanical properties of UFG/nanocrystalline Cu/CrB and Cu/CrB2. (a) Microhardness versus volume percentage. (b) Young’s modulus versus volume percentage. (c) Tensile stress-strain curve of hot forged Cu/15.1 vol.% CrB2.

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Thermally stable ultrafine grained copper induced by CrB/CrB₂ microparticles with surface nanofeatures via regular casting

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