Self-lubricate and anisotropic wear behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy reinforced with ternary Ti2AlC MAX phases

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.07.003

Abstract

Abstract:

The dry sliding wear behavior of Ti₂AlC reinforced AZ91 magnesium composites was investigated at sliding velocity of 0.5 m/s under loads of 10, 20, 40 and 80 N using pin-on-disk configuration against a Cr15 steel disc. Wear rates and friction coefficients were registered during wear tests. Worn tracks and wear debris were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy in order to obtain the wear mechanisms of the studied materials. The main mechanisms were characterized as the magnesium matrix oxidation and self-lubrication of Ti₂AlC MAX phase. In all conditions, the composites exhibit superior wear resistance and self-lubricated ability than the AZ91 Mg alloy. In addition, the anisotropic mechanisms in tribological properties of textured Ti₂AlC-Mg composites were confirmed and discussed.

Key words: Ti₂AlC, Dry sliding wear, Magnesium alloy, Self-lubricate ability

Wenbo Yu, Deqiang Chen, Liang Tian, Hongbin Zhao, Xiaojun Wang. Self-lubricate and anisotropic wear behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy reinforced with ternary Ti₂AlC MAX phases[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(3): 275-284.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1. (a) and (b) the SEM images of the cast AZ91D alloy and as-cast 5% Ti2AlC-AZ91D composite, (c) and (d) the SEM images hot extruded 10% Ti2AlC-AZ91D composite in // extrusion direction (ED) axis and ⊥ ED axis.

Fig. 2. (a) XRD pattern of AZ91D alloys and the composites, (b) XRD pattern of 10%Ti2AlC-AZ91D composite before and after hot extrusion.

Table 1 Mechanical properties of fabricated alloy and composites with the reported, including elastic moduli (E), 0.2% yield strengths (YS), ultimate tensile strengths (UTS), ultimate compression strengths (UCS) and Vickers hardness (VH).

Materials	Reinforcement particle size (μm)	Processing	E (GPa)	0.2%YS (MPa)	UTS (MPa)	Elongation (%)	UCS (MPa)	V_H (GPa)	Ref.
AZ91D		Cast	42	73	180	5.3	275	0.65	[31]
AZ91D/5%vol.Ti₂AlC	Below 10	Cast	52	108	200	3.4	367	0.85	[31]
AZ91D/10%vol.Ti₂AlC	Below10	Cast	56	135	215	1.9	382	1.10	[31]
AZ91D		Cast	40		152-200				[48]
10- SiC-AZ91D	10	Cast		120	172	1.3			[49]
10%Ti₂AlC-AZ91D	//ED axis	Hot extrusion		275	375		510	118	[43]
10%Ti₂AlC-AZ91D	⊥ ED axis	Hot extrusion		280	285		400	101	[43]

Fig. 3. Variation of volume loss with normal stress for as cast AZ91D alloy and composites tested at sliding speed 0.5?m/s.

Fig. 4. Specific wear rate of investigated samples at different applied loads.

Fig. 5. SEM images of different samples at applied load 40?N and sliding speed 0.5?m/s: (a) as-cast AZ91D, (b) 5%Ti2AlC-AZ91D, (c) 10%Ti2AlC-AZ91D and (d) 10%SiC-AZ91D composite.

Fig. 6. (a-h) SEM (left) and BSM (right) images of 10%Ti2AlC-AZ91D composite at different loads.

Fig. 7. (a-h) SEM (left) and BSM (right) images of disc (counterbody) surfaces against 10%Ti2AlC-AZ91D composite at different loads.

Fig. 8. EDS mapping for the wear debris collected for 10%Ti2AlC-AZ91D composite at applied load 80?N and sliding speed 0.5?m/s.

Fig. 9. EDS mapping for the counterpart surface at applied load 80?N and sliding speed 0.5?m/s.

Fig. 10. EDS mapping for the disc surface of 10%Ti2AlC-AZ91D composite at applied load 80?N and sliding speed 0.5?m/s.

Fig. 11. (a) TEM micrographs of AZ91D-Ti2AlC interface, (b) Lattice image of a Ti2AlC/Mg interface recorded with the incident beam parallel to the <1120> direction of Ti2AlC. The inset represents the corresponding fast Fourier transform diffractogram of Ti2AlC/Mg interface.

Table 2 The measured composition in atoms percentage correspoinding to Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10.

	Mg	O	Fe	Ti	Al	C
Debris	39.22	44.75	11.33	1.04	3.66	44.61
Pin surface	79.68	7.98	0	5.4	6.94	8.69
Disc surface	21.12	13.32	55.26	3.45	6.85	6.46

Fig. 12. SEM images of textured 10?vol %Ti2AlC-AZ91D composite at sliding speed 0.5?m/s and applied load 80?N, (a) and (b) sliding direction parallel to hot extrusion axis. (c) and (d) sliding direction perpendicular to hot extrusion axis.

Fig. 13. Variation of friction coefficient with the applied load for as cast AZ91D alloy and composites tested at sliding speed 0.5?m/s.

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Self-lubricate and anisotropic wear behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy reinforced with ternary Ti₂AlC MAX phases

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